A Scoping Review of Self-Esteem in the Context of US Adolescents With Depressive Symptoms and Overweight and/or Obesity Status.

BACKGROUND

There is a gap in knowledge regarding self-esteem in US adolescents in the context of depressive symptoms and overweight and/or obesity status. Self-esteem can potentially play a role in the relationship between obesity and depressive symptoms, which are both increasing in prevalence in US adolescents. The aim of this scoping review was to understand the extent of evidence in relation to self-esteem in this context.

METHODS

Using the Arksey and O'Malley framework, a total of 717 articles were identified from seven databases, 593 unique studies were screened after duplicates, 86 full text articles were retrieved and assessed for eligibility, and 37 articles were included in the review. Two independent reviewers screened each article, and a third reviewer served as a tiebreaker.

FINDINGS: Several factors were associated with self-esteem in this context, including family dynamics, puberty, teasing, sports participation, eating disorders, stressors, and body satisfaction.

IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY: School-based screening and interventions can be conducted by school nurses, counselors, physical educators, food services, mental health team members, and other school health professionals. These professionals can also help to create a supportive environment in which bullying is not tolerated, physical activity and sports participation are promoted, and healthy food is provided.

CONCLUSIONS

Future research is needed to better understand the link between self-esteem and depressive symptoms and weight status. When caring for children with obesity or overweight status and depressive symptoms, school health professionals should assess for low self-esteem, family dynamics, and cohesion.