Water research · 2026

Pan-continental assessment of socioeconomic and environmental predictors of PFAS occurrence in European rivers from a harmonised monitoring study.

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Li Jun, Boxall Alistair B A, Swan Caroline, Hoeks Selwyn, Lai Racliffe W S, Wilkinson John L, Altinbag Recep C, Arrhenius Åsa, Ashauer Roman, Backhaus Thomas, Baraj Besnik, Beretsou Vasiliki G, Bloor Michelle C, Bouzas-Monroy Alejandra, Campbell Conor, Cara Magdalena, Cara Orges, Ceppi Elia, Cerkvenik-Flajs Vesna, Chaumot Arnaud, Chirsir Parviel, Coll Claudia, Crettaz-Minaglia Melina C, De Schamphelaere Karel, Deng Qian, Džeferagić Ahmed, Fatta-Kassinos Despo, Fenner Kathrin, Frigerio Gianfranco, Frøkjær Emil E, Gauchotte-Lindsay Caroline, Georgsdóttir Sandra D, Gibb Stuart W, Gombač Mitja, Graves Lana, Grung Merete, Guiu Maider, Guls Hermann D, Halldórsson Halldór P, Hansen Martin, Hiller Edgar, Hirsch Tina, Hofmann Thilo, Hrelja Edin, Jartun Morten, Järvinen Päivi P, Komolo Jolly, Koziol Krystyna A, Kümmerer Klaus, Leekitratanapisan Warich, Lertxundi Unax, Lyberatos Gerasimos, Lymperopoulou Theopisti, Manaia Célia M, McGimpsey Nicole, Nanusha Mulatu Y, Niemi Lydia M, Niță Mihai R, Nunes Olga C, O'Flynn Dylan, Oldenkamp Rik, Olsson Oliver, Onay Turgut T, Orive Gorka, Osipovs Sergejs, Oswald Peter, Oswaldova Martina, Palm Wolf-Ulrich, Patrolecco Luisa, Pedusaar Tiia, Pescatore Tanita, Polesello Stefano, Popa Ana Maria, Posselt Malte, Puljko Ana, Pučkins Aleksandrs, Radeva Kalina R, Rauseo Jasmin, Recoura-Massaquant Rémi, Redondo-Hasselerharm Paula E, Regan Fiona, Rico Andreu, Robison-Smith Charlotte, Rusconi Marianna, Sarntaridou Magdalini, Schneider Jonas R, Schymanski Emma L, Sikanen Tiina M, Snell Anna, Snell David A, Spataro Francesca, Špirová Veronika, Stockhausen Martin, Szumińska Danuta, Taggart Mark A, Tarring Eve C, Tezel Ulas, Tong Lei, Udiković-Kolić Nikolina, Vardar Suat, Vymazal Jan, Vânău Gabriel O, Wassmur Britt, White Blánaid, Zarfl Christiane

Аннотация

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent contaminants that are widely detected in surface waters and are of growing global concern. However, the factors associated with variations in PFAS contamination across space and time at a continental scale remain poorly understood. Here, we combine results from a harmonised pan-European river monitoring study with partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) to identify the key factors associated with PFAS contamination in European rivers. Seven high-priority PFAS were monitored at 280 sites across 93 rivers in 31 European countries, representing the PFAS footprint of approximately 309 million people. At least one PFAS was detected at 93% of monitoring locations. Highest concentrations were observed in parts of southern, southeastern and western Europe and were associated with landfills, wastewater discharges and industrial activity. Higher PFAS concentrations occurred in summer, potentially reflecting dilution-related effects associated with lower flow conditions. PLS-PM revealed that PFAS concentrations were associated with socioeconomic pressures and environmental conditions. The Human Footprint Index showed the strongest association among the socioeconomic variables examined, while electrical conductivity was the environmental variable most strongly associated with PFAS concentrations, possibly reflecting shared transport pathways with wastewater and industrial effluents. An indicative, screening-level assessment against existing regulatory threshold values suggested that PFAS concentrations at 61% of sites are of potential concern. These findings support the use of combined human pressure and hydrochemical indicators to inform more targeted, risk-based monitoring and regulatory prioritisation at large spatial scales.

Предметные рубрики MeSH

Rivers Environmental Monitoring Europe Water Pollutants, Chemical Fluorocarbons Socioeconomic Factors

Pan-continental assessment of socioeconomic and environmental predictors of PFAS occurrence in European rivers from a harmonised monitoring study.

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Аннотация

Предметные рубрики MeSH