Sleep medicine · 2026
Association of procrastination on eveningness and sleep problems.
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Osao Masumi, Takano Yuta, Komada Yoko, Takagi Shunsuke, Inoue Yuichi
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Procrastination has been associated with several adverse outcomes, including sleep disturbance. However, it remains unclear whether procrastination is independently associated with sleep disturbance after accounting for demographics, lifestyle factors, sleep hygiene, and ADHD traits. It is also uncertain whether this association is partly mediated by chronotype.
METHODS: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among 2971 adults aged 18-59 years. Participants completed validated self-report measures assessing procrastination, sleep disturbance using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, chronotype using the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, and ADHD traits using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Multiple regression analyses were adjusted for demographic factors, lifestyle factors, sleep hygiene, and ADHD traits. Mediation analyses were performed using bootstrapping with 5000 resamples.
RESULTS: Procrastination was significantly associated with greater sleep disturbance (direct effect = 0.43, 95% CI [0.30, 0.55], p < .001) and indirectly through eveningness tendency (indirect effect = 0.07, 95%CI [0.05, 0.10]). Stratified analyses indicated that this mediation pattern was evident in participants without ADHD traits but not in those with ADHD traits.
CONCLUSIONS: Procrastination was independently associated with sleep disturbance, and this association was partly explained by eveningness tendency. This chronotype-mediated pathway was observed only among participants without ADHD traits, suggesting that ADHD-related characteristics may modify the behavioral and circadian factors that connect procrastination to sleep disturbance.
METHODS: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among 2971 adults aged 18-59 years. Participants completed validated self-report measures assessing procrastination, sleep disturbance using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, chronotype using the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, and ADHD traits using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Multiple regression analyses were adjusted for demographic factors, lifestyle factors, sleep hygiene, and ADHD traits. Mediation analyses were performed using bootstrapping with 5000 resamples.
RESULTS: Procrastination was significantly associated with greater sleep disturbance (direct effect = 0.43, 95% CI [0.30, 0.55], p < .001) and indirectly through eveningness tendency (indirect effect = 0.07, 95%CI [0.05, 0.10]). Stratified analyses indicated that this mediation pattern was evident in participants without ADHD traits but not in those with ADHD traits.
CONCLUSIONS: Procrastination was independently associated with sleep disturbance, and this association was partly explained by eveningness tendency. This chronotype-mediated pathway was observed only among participants without ADHD traits, suggesting that ADHD-related characteristics may modify the behavioral and circadian factors that connect procrastination to sleep disturbance.