Sleep health · 2026
Quadratic associations between harsh parenting and changes in children's nightly sleep.
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Thompson Morgan J, Kelly Ryan J, El-Sheikh Mona
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: Harsh parenting has been associated with children's poor sleep. Existing studies with older children are predominantly cross-sectional and focus on linear associations between harsh parenting and sleep. Addressing these gaps, we investigated the longitudinal quadratic association between harsh parenting and change in children's sleep over 2 years.
METHOD: Children (N = 329, 46% female, 64% White/European American, and 36% Black/African American) and their parents from socioeconomically diverse backgrounds participated in 2 data collection waves spaced 2 years apart (ages 9 and 11, respectively). Parents reported on harsh parenting at age 9. Sleep was assessed at both waves utilizing 7 nights of actigraphy to derive measures of sleep duration (minutes) and sleep fragmentation (efficiency, activity), and children reported on their sleep-wake problems.
RESULTS: Quadratic effects of harsh parenting emerged for sleep minutes (ß = .11, P = .05), sleep efficiency (ß = .17, P = .02), and sleep activity (ß = -.16, P = .04). Greater declines in sleep were observed as harsh parenting increased from low to moderate levels, whereas associations attenuated and plateaued at higher levels of harsh parenting.
CONCLUSIONS: Novel findings build on the literature by considering associations between sleep and a prevalent form of family risk and illustrate that relations between harsh parenting and sleep are quadratic.
METHOD: Children (N = 329, 46% female, 64% White/European American, and 36% Black/African American) and their parents from socioeconomically diverse backgrounds participated in 2 data collection waves spaced 2 years apart (ages 9 and 11, respectively). Parents reported on harsh parenting at age 9. Sleep was assessed at both waves utilizing 7 nights of actigraphy to derive measures of sleep duration (minutes) and sleep fragmentation (efficiency, activity), and children reported on their sleep-wake problems.
RESULTS: Quadratic effects of harsh parenting emerged for sleep minutes (ß = .11, P = .05), sleep efficiency (ß = .17, P = .02), and sleep activity (ß = -.16, P = .04). Greater declines in sleep were observed as harsh parenting increased from low to moderate levels, whereas associations attenuated and plateaued at higher levels of harsh parenting.
CONCLUSIONS: Novel findings build on the literature by considering associations between sleep and a prevalent form of family risk and illustrate that relations between harsh parenting and sleep are quadratic.