Journal of endodontics · 2026
Effect of Different Core Build-up Materials on the Fracture Resistance and Failure Patterns of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Premolars.
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Hiwale Sagar, Kandpal Rashi, Sinha Dakshita Joy, Puri Nikhil, Verma Neha, Tomar Aabhansh
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: This in vitro study evaluated the fracture resistance and failure patterns of endodontically treated maxillary premolars with mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities restored using different core build-up materials.
METHODS: Seventy-two intact human maxillary premolars were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 12). Endodontic treatment and standardized MOD cavity preparation were performed for all groups except the positive control (Group 1). Group 2 served as the negative control (ETT+MOD), whereas the remaining groups were restored with NC, FRC+NC, HFP+NC , or ACTIVA+NC . Following thermocycling, fracture resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine under compressive loading, and failure patterns were recorded. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test (P < .05). Fracture-mode data were treated as categorical variables and were analysed using Fisher's exact test.
RESULTS: Fracture resistance differed significantly among the groups (P < .001). The ETT+MOD+FRC+NC group demonstrated fracture resistance comparable to that of intact teeth and significantly greater than ETT+MOD+HFP+NC group (P < .05). No significant differences were observed between the ETT+MOD+FRC+NC and ETT+MOD+ACTIVA+NC groups or between the ETT+MOD+HFP+NC and ETT+MOD+ACTIVA+NC groups (P > .05). All remaining pairwise comparisons were statistically significant (P < .05). Failure-pattern analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the distribution of favourable and unfavourable fractures among the groups where ETT+MOD+FRC+NC group exhibited the highest proportion of favourable/repairable fractures.
CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the type of core build-up material significantly influenced fracture resistance. FRC+NC group demonstrated the greatest reinforcing effect, whereas ACTIVA+NC and HFP+NC groups showed comparable performance and superior fracture resistance to NC group.
METHODS: Seventy-two intact human maxillary premolars were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 12). Endodontic treatment and standardized MOD cavity preparation were performed for all groups except the positive control (Group 1). Group 2 served as the negative control (ETT+MOD), whereas the remaining groups were restored with NC, FRC+NC, HFP+NC , or ACTIVA+NC . Following thermocycling, fracture resistance was evaluated using a universal testing machine under compressive loading, and failure patterns were recorded. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey post hoc test (P < .05). Fracture-mode data were treated as categorical variables and were analysed using Fisher's exact test.
RESULTS: Fracture resistance differed significantly among the groups (P < .001). The ETT+MOD+FRC+NC group demonstrated fracture resistance comparable to that of intact teeth and significantly greater than ETT+MOD+HFP+NC group (P < .05). No significant differences were observed between the ETT+MOD+FRC+NC and ETT+MOD+ACTIVA+NC groups or between the ETT+MOD+HFP+NC and ETT+MOD+ACTIVA+NC groups (P > .05). All remaining pairwise comparisons were statistically significant (P < .05). Failure-pattern analysis demonstrated a significant difference in the distribution of favourable and unfavourable fractures among the groups where ETT+MOD+FRC+NC group exhibited the highest proportion of favourable/repairable fractures.
CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the type of core build-up material significantly influenced fracture resistance. FRC+NC group demonstrated the greatest reinforcing effect, whereas ACTIVA+NC and HFP+NC groups showed comparable performance and superior fracture resistance to NC group.