Assessing factors driving blockchain technology in the performance of the banking sector using the structural equation modelling approach.

The integration of blockchain technology (BCT) within the banking sector is transforming how organisations achieve operational efficiency and trust. However, the adoption of BCT in the Indian banking sector remains underexplored, particularly regarding organisational alignment and performance. This study explores the critical factors of technology and organisation influencing the adoption of blockchain and its effects on banking performance, with a distinct interest in the moderating effects of IT alignment. Also, to explore whether perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use act as mediators between blockchain technology and banking performance. Using the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), data were collected from 326 professionals working in prominent Indian banks and FinTech companies. Analysis of the relationships was conducted with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results of this study show that technology readiness significantly influences both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, while the regulatory environment significantly affects perceived usefulness. Furthermore, IT alignment significantly moderates the relationship between blockchain technology and business performance, and perceived usefulness serves as a significant mediator, whereas perceived ease of use does not significantly mediate this relationship. The study provides a theoretical contribution by incorporating the TAM and TOE models in a banking context and serves to inform practitioners by providing insights into blockchain adoption strategies in Indian financial institutions.