Whole-Genome Analysis, Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Mining of Amycolatopsis sp. nov. TRM77291 and Antibacterial Activity of Siderochelin A.

The genus Amycolatopsis, belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria, is known for producing diverse bioactive secondary metabolites and plays a significant role in microbial drug discovery. This study centers on the strain TRM77291, sourced from a unique habitat, and is postulated to represent a potential new species. This hypothesis is based on 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis combined with physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic characterization. The strain's genome, consisting of 8.76 Mb with a G + C content of 68.89% and encoding 8572 genes, was analyzed through whole-genome sequencing. AntiSMASH analysis identified 38 biosynthetic gene clusters related to PKS, NRPS, and RiPPs, while BIG-SCAPE analysis indicated the potential for unique compound synthesis, including Cluster 7 and Cluster 35. Screening ten fermentation media determined millet medium as the most optimal choice. Siderochelin A, a monomeric compound isolated from a fermentation product, demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against various pathogenic bacteria. This study revealed a notable activity of Siderochelin A against Escherichia coli, providing a theoretical basis for discovering novel species, exploring secondary metabolites, and developing innovative antibiotics.