Flash Femtosecond Laser Heating-Driven High-Entropy Alloy Anchored Graphene for Anti-Icing/Deicing.

High-entropy alloy nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) offer opportunities for multifunctional thermal conversion because of their multielement composition, tunable electronic structures, and metallic transport characteristics. However, their coupled photothermal-electrothermal behavior remains insufficiently explored, particularly for anti-/deicing applications that require solar-driven heating, electrical heating, and their combined operation. Here, we develop a flash femtosecond laser strategy to fabricate FeCoNiCrMn HEA-NPs on Kevlar-fiber-based laser-induced graphene (LIG). During laser irradiation, metal precursors undergo ultrafast decomposition, alloying, and in situ immobilization on the conductive graphene framework. The resulting HEA/LIG exhibits strong optical absorption of 98.37% over 0.2-1.4 μm and excellent electrothermal performance, reaching 278.5 °C under an applied voltage of 8 V. Under 2.0 sun illumination and 4 V voltage, HEA/LIG completely melts ice within 150 s, demonstrating its potential for flexible, multifunctional, anti-/deicing.