Prophylactic cefuroxime in total joint replacement.

Cefuroxime was given during operation to 95 patients undergoing 106 total joint replacements (hip 69: knee 37). Two regimes were used. Either 1 g was given intravenously with induction of anaesthesia and then two intramuscular injections of 1 g 6 and 12 h later, or 1.5 g was given intravenously with induction and two injections of 750 mg each intramuscularly 6 and 12 h later. The concentrations of cefuroxime in bone, capsule and blood were measured in 77 patients. The assays were carried out independently in two laboratories. In most instances concentrations in the bone were above the MICs for likely pathogens, even after allowing for any contaminating blood. Concentrations in synovial capsule were generally higher than in bone. After a follow-up period of 2 years, two patients developed deep infections. The overall infection rates are comparable with the best results reported in the literature using other prophylactic antibiotics or with ultra-clean air systems.