Piezoelectric Iron (II) Tungstate-Integrated Three-Dimensional-Printed Polycaprolactone Scaffolds for Ultrasound-Triggered Osteosarcoma Therapy and Ultrasound-Free Bone Repair.

The demand for effective therapeutics addressing osteosarcoma necessitates multifunctional solutions integrating both antineoplastic and osteogenic properties. This study presents a novel approach involving a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold integrated with piezoelectric iron (II) tungstate (FeWO4) nanorods (NRs), designed to concurrently combat osteosarcoma and foster bone regeneration. Through the amalgamation of FeWO4 NRs' piezoelectric catalytic characteristics and PCL scaffold's structural attributes, the composite scaffolds exhibit dual functionality: inducing oxidative stress in tumor cells via ultrasound-triggered piezo-sonoydnamic effects while facilitating stem cell attachment and proliferation without ultrasound. The physicochemical attributes and catalytic efficacy of the composite scaffolds are meticulously investigated. Both in vitro and in vivo tests confirm the strong ultrasound-triggered antitumor and ultrasound-free bone-forming effects of the PCL@FeWO4 composite scaffold. This study introduces a novel class of piezoelectric nanomaterial-functionalized 3D-printing scaffolds, presenting new avenues for ultrasound-triggered osteosarcoma therapy and ultrasound-free bone regeneration.