Extreme-Fast-Charging Li-Ion Batteries via Activation-Energy Regulation With a Li3PO4-Li2SO4-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase.

Extreme-fast-charging (XFC) batteries are essential for widespread electric vehicle adoption. Although heating-assisted charging enables ultrafast charging at elevated temperatures (e.g., 65°C), it increases the risk of thermal runaway. Lowering the activation energy of interfacial Li-ion transport could enable safer room-temperature XFC, although effective approaches remain limited. Here, we demonstrate that an amorphous Li3PO4-Li2SO4-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), formed through electrolyte design, regulates interfacial Li-ion transport by simultaneously tailoring SEI chemistry and facilitating Li+ desolvation, with the apparent activation energy reduced from 39.1 to 21.3 kJ mol-1. As a result, 51.6 Ah pouch cells acquire 208.7 Wh kg-1 of energy within only 10.5 min at room temperature (25°C), representing state-of-the-art fast-charging performance. Furthermore, a 94 kWh battery pack (3P168S) assembled from 504 mass-produced pouch cells was integrated into a commercial electric vehicle. The pack was charged from 5% to 85% state-of-charge in 11.77 min, delivering 36.0 km of driving distance per minute of charge, surpassing the XFC target for electric vehicles (32.2 km min-1). This work establishes an activation-energy regulation strategy through coordinated control of interfacial solvation and SEI chemistry, providing a practical pathway toward room-temperature XFC batteries and design principles for next-generation fast-charging technologies.