Bioactivity and dimensional stability of resin-, hybrid-, and silicate-based endodontic sealers: An in vitro comparative study.

BACKGROUND

The success of endodontic treatment depends on selecting sealers with suitable physicochemical and biological properties. Solubility, pH, and calcium ion (Ca²+) release are critical factors influencing biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and long-term sealing.

MATERIAL AND

METHODS

This in vitro study compared three endodontic sealers, AH Plus (AHP), MTA Fillapex (MTAF), and EndoSequence BC Sealer (ESBC). pH was measured with a digital pH meter, and Ca²+ release was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after 3, 24, 72, and 168 hours. Volumetric solubility was analyzed using micro-computed tomography before and after 7 days of immersion.

RESULTS

All sealers exhibited an alkaline pH. ESBC showed the highest pH and Ca²+ release at all time points, followed by MTAF. AHP released minimal and progressively decreasing calcium release. In volumetric analysis, ESBC demonstrated the greatest solubility, with pronounced volume reduction, whereas AHP and MTAF showed slight mass gain, indicating greater dimensional stability.

CONCLUSIONS

Although ESBC exhibited higher bioactive potential, its excessive solubility may impair long-term sealing. AHP and MTAF presented more stable dimensional behavior, suggesting better long-term performance. These in vitro results highlight the balance between bioactivity and stability as a key factor when selecting root canal sealers for clinical use.