Spectrophotometric Evaluation of the Masking Ability of 3D-Printed Ceramic-Filled Hybrid Veneers on Discolored Dental Substrates.

Background/

Objectives

Tooth discoloration can influence the esthetic outcome of restorative treatments. Recently, 3D-printed ceramic-filled hybrid materials have been introduced for dental restorations using digital workflows. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of 3D-printed ceramic-filled hybrid veneers on the final color of discolored teeth using spectrophotometric measurements.

Methods

Twenty-five extracted human anterior teeth without caries or restorations were prepared for veneer restorations using standardized reduction protocols. Artificial discoloration was induced by applying light-cured color coatings to the buccal surfaces of the specimens. The prepared teeth were digitally scanned, and veneers with a thickness of 1 mm were designed and fabricated using a 3D printing system and a ceramic-filled hybrid material. Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer and recorded in the Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage L*a*b* (CIELAB) color system. Measurements were obtained at four stages: after creation of discoloration, after two weeks of immersion in physiological saline solution, after veneer placement using neutral try-in gel, and after two months of immersion following veneer placement. Color differences were calculated using three color difference formulas (ΔE*ab, ΔE94, and ΔE00).

Results

The placement of the 3D-printed veneers produced substantial modifications in the optical characteristics of the discolored substrates, reflected by reduced chroma values and significant color differences between the baseline and veneer stages. After two months of immersion, only minor variations in color coordinates were observed. The calculated color differences between the veneer stage and the post-immersion stage remained low across all evaluated color difference formulas, indicating good short-term color stability of the veneered specimens.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this pilot in vitro study, 3D-printed ceramic-filled hybrid veneers demonstrated the ability to effectively modify the color of discolored substrates while maintaining relatively stable optical properties after two months of immersion. These restorations may represent a promising and cost-effective option for the esthetic management of discolored teeth.