Spherical Video-Based Virtual Reality for Nurses' Workplace Violence Management: A Convergent Mixed-Methods Study.

AIM: To evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and acceptability of a spherical video-based virtual reality training programme aimed at helping nurses manage workplace violence.

DESIGN

A convergent mixed-methods study.

METHODS

This study included nurses from a tertiary medical centre in Taiwan. The training programme involved four interactive 360° scenarios focused on recognising, de-escalating, and responding to workplace violence. Quantitative measures included risk perception, confidence in coping with aggression, and technology acceptance. Qualitative measures included the participants' learning experiences. Quantitative and qualitative findings were integrated through joint displays.

RESULTS

The programme was feasible, with all participants completing the training. Nurses reported high levels of perceived usefulness and ease of use. Quantitative data revealed considerable improvements in risk awareness and confidence in responding to incidents of violence. Qualitative data revealed that immersion and emotional resonance enhanced engagement, fostered self-reflection, and reinforced learning. Technical challenges included subtitle placement and speech recognition accuracy.

CONCLUSION

Spherical video-based virtual reality is a feasible, acceptable, and effective training approach that improves nurses' preparedness for managing workplace violence by enhancing situational awareness and confidence in addressing high-risk situations.

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Integrating spherical video-based virtual reality into continual education may strengthen nurses' workplace safety competencies, prevent harm from incidents of violence, and improve patient care in stressful environments.

IMPACT: Workplace violence undermines nurse safety and patient care. Current training modules often lack contextual realism. Our programme improved nurses' awareness, confidence, and reflective learning and was feasible and well accepted. The findings are relevant to nursing educators, hospital administrators, and policymakers seeking sustainable strategies for addressing workplace violence.

REPORTING METHOD: This study adhered to the Revised Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence.

PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, or reporting of this study.