International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry · 2025
Comparative Assessment of Microleakage in Nanoformulated and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement under Simulated Aging: A Stereomicroscopic Study.
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Alex Aleena, Paulraj Jessy, Pretty Tm Ngoubinah, Maiti Subhabrata
Аннотация
AIM: The aim of the study is to assess the microleakage of nanoformulated and conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs) under simulated aging.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nanoformulated GIC was synthesized by incorporating chitosan-titanium-zirconia-hydroxyapatite (Ch-Ti-Zr-HA) nanoparticles into GIC powder at concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 10%. The materials were characterized using UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A total of forty freshly extracted, sound permanent molar teeth were selected for the study and divided into four groups: Group I (3% nanoformulated GIC), group II (5% nanoformulated GIC), group III (10% nanoformulated GIC), and group IV (conventional GIC). Standardized class I cavities were prepared on the occlusal surfaces, restored, and subjected to thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C with a dwell time of 30 seconds in a water bath. To prevent dye penetration, root apices were sealed, and all tooth surfaces-except the restoration and a 1 mm margin around it-were coated with two layers of nail varnish. The specimens were then immersed in a 0.5% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. Following immersion, the teeth were sectioned mesiodistally, and the extent of microleakage was assessed under a stereomicroscope using a predefined scoring system. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni test.
RESULTS: The least microleakage was observed in the 5% and 10% nanoformulated GIC groups, with no statistically significant difference between them (p = 0.699). The 3% nanoformulated GIC and the conventional GIC (control group) exhibited similar performance, with no significant difference. However, compared to the control group, both 5% and 10% nanoformulated GICs showed superior results, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that incorporating nanotechnology is a valuable approach to enhancing the clinical performance of GIC. 5% and 10% nanoformulated GIC containing Ch-Ti-Zr-HA demonstrates significant potential as a restorative material, offering microleakage resistance superior to conventional GIC.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Alex A, Paulraj J, Ngoubinah Pretty TM, et al. Comparative Assessment of Microleakage in Nanoformulated and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement under Simulated Aging: A Stereomicroscopic Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1471-1477.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nanoformulated GIC was synthesized by incorporating chitosan-titanium-zirconia-hydroxyapatite (Ch-Ti-Zr-HA) nanoparticles into GIC powder at concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 10%. The materials were characterized using UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A total of forty freshly extracted, sound permanent molar teeth were selected for the study and divided into four groups: Group I (3% nanoformulated GIC), group II (5% nanoformulated GIC), group III (10% nanoformulated GIC), and group IV (conventional GIC). Standardized class I cavities were prepared on the occlusal surfaces, restored, and subjected to thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C with a dwell time of 30 seconds in a water bath. To prevent dye penetration, root apices were sealed, and all tooth surfaces-except the restoration and a 1 mm margin around it-were coated with two layers of nail varnish. The specimens were then immersed in a 0.5% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. Following immersion, the teeth were sectioned mesiodistally, and the extent of microleakage was assessed under a stereomicroscope using a predefined scoring system. The collected data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni test.
RESULTS: The least microleakage was observed in the 5% and 10% nanoformulated GIC groups, with no statistically significant difference between them (p = 0.699). The 3% nanoformulated GIC and the conventional GIC (control group) exhibited similar performance, with no significant difference. However, compared to the control group, both 5% and 10% nanoformulated GICs showed superior results, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that incorporating nanotechnology is a valuable approach to enhancing the clinical performance of GIC. 5% and 10% nanoformulated GIC containing Ch-Ti-Zr-HA demonstrates significant potential as a restorative material, offering microleakage resistance superior to conventional GIC.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Alex A, Paulraj J, Ngoubinah Pretty TM, et al. Comparative Assessment of Microleakage in Nanoformulated and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement under Simulated Aging: A Stereomicroscopic Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(12):1471-1477.