Dual enzyme-mimicking carbon dots for enhanced antibacterial activity.

Carbon dot (CD)-based nanozymes have great potential in antibacterial applications. In order to achieve enhanced broad-spectrum antibacterial capacity, we synthesized Co-doped drug-based CDs (Co-Lvx-CDs) using levofloxacin and vitamin B12 as precursors by mimicking the catalysis of antibacterial activity of natural enzymes. The Co-Lvx-CDs retained not only the effective functional groups of the traditional antibiotic levofloxacin but also achieved oxidase-like and peroxidase-like activities to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Co doping. Additionally, the Co-Lvx-CDs had superb fluorescence properties and could be applied in information encryption. The CDs were validated to have a broad-spectrum bactericidal effect against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, compensating for the limitations of levofloxacin while also having enhanced sterilization ability. Importantly, the proposed Co-Lvx-CDs provide a new idea for the design of multifunctional CD-based nanozymes with preconceived outcomes.