JPRAS open · 2025
A deep dive into safety of breast implants and recreational diving: A systematic review.
СтатьяОбзорНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
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Ragaini Elisa Maria, Vinci Valeriano, Klinger Francesco, Bucci Flavio, Di Giuli Riccardo, Ferrari Camilla, Comunian Roberta, Klinger Marco, Vaccari Stefano
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: This review evaluates the performance and the safety of breast implants under conditions associated with recreational diving, focusing on their structural integrity, morphological changes, and long-term durability.
METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed. Included studies were those addressing effect of barometric pressure on breast implants. A comprehensive literature review from 1980 to 2024, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar databases, clinical experience, and case reports, is analyzed according to PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS: Breast implants are advised as safe for recreational diving in standard depth limitations (<40 meters). Studies demonstrated no significant volume changes or ruptures under hyperbaric conditions. However, cohesive-gel implants exhibited some morphological alterations, particularly with repetitive dives, which could impact their long-term durability. Saline implants showed greater resistance to deformation compared to cohesive-gel and double-lumen implants.
DISCUSSION: The risk associated with recreational diving on breast implants is minimal, although factors such as frequency of diving, type of implant, and diving depth are important. Regular monitoring through imaging techniques and patient education can temper potential risks. Further research is needed to assess the long-term effects of diving on modern implants in real-world conditions.
CONCLUSION: Breast implants are safe for recreational diving under typical conditions, but long-term durability may be affected by repetitive stress. Clinicians should provide personalized recommendations for divers while making sure to follow up regularly.
METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed. Included studies were those addressing effect of barometric pressure on breast implants. A comprehensive literature review from 1980 to 2024, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar databases, clinical experience, and case reports, is analyzed according to PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS: Breast implants are advised as safe for recreational diving in standard depth limitations (<40 meters). Studies demonstrated no significant volume changes or ruptures under hyperbaric conditions. However, cohesive-gel implants exhibited some morphological alterations, particularly with repetitive dives, which could impact their long-term durability. Saline implants showed greater resistance to deformation compared to cohesive-gel and double-lumen implants.
DISCUSSION: The risk associated with recreational diving on breast implants is minimal, although factors such as frequency of diving, type of implant, and diving depth are important. Regular monitoring through imaging techniques and patient education can temper potential risks. Further research is needed to assess the long-term effects of diving on modern implants in real-world conditions.
CONCLUSION: Breast implants are safe for recreational diving under typical conditions, but long-term durability may be affected by repetitive stress. Clinicians should provide personalized recommendations for divers while making sure to follow up regularly.