In Vitro Techniques for Seed Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tuber Production: A Systematic Review.

In vitro culture has become a key tool to produce seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, a crop of great global importance. This systematic review, based on the PRISMA-ScR methodology, analyzes the main biotechnological strategies used to obtain high-quality, healthy, and pathogen-free seeds, overcoming the limitations of traditional propagation methods. A comprehensive search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect (June 2025), prioritizing 65 experimental studies published between 2010 and 2025 in indexed journals. Techniques such as meristem culture, micropropagation, microtuber production, the use of temporary immersion bioreactor systems (TIBs), and synthetic seed generation were examined. These methodologies offer advantages such as accelerated propagation, higher yields, reduced use of agrochemicals, germplasm conservation, and economic efficiency. TIBs stand out for improving the survival and productivity of basic seed. This review is organized around four axes: applied techniques, key procedures, economic impact and sustainability, and future perspectives. This work constitutes a useful guide for optimizing seed tuber production using plant biotechnology.