Effect of CPP-ACP Fluoride Varnish on the Roughness and Surface Morphology of Deciduous Enamel Immersed in Industrialized Acidic Beverage.

This study analyzed in vitro the effect of CPP-ACP fluoride varnish on the roughness and surface morphology of deciduous enamel immersed in industrialized acidic beverages. One hundred and twenty-eight anterior deciduous teeth were assigned into four groups according to the industrialized acidic beverage used for immersion (demineralizing solution, cola, apple juice and fermented milk). Groups were further divided into two subgroups according to the application (F) or not (control) of 5% sodium fluoride varnish (NaF) with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). The roughness and morphological analysis of the enamel surface was carried out during three stages: at baseline, and after 4 and 7 days of immersion using a profilometer and a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. The data distribution was evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests to estimate the differences between materials' roughness (p < 0.05). Roughness differences between stages are observed in all groups (F and control) (p < 0.05). The greatest increase in roughness was observed in the cola control group after 7 days of immersion (p < 0.05). The application of 5% sodium fluoride varnish added with CPP-ACP under the conditions used in this study showed a protective effect on the surface roughness and morphology of human deciduous enamel, mainly after 4 days of immersion. Therefore, periodical application of the varnish is suggested.