Bioactive Glass and Melittin Thin Films Deposited by MAPLE for Titanium Implant Functionalization.

The development of bioactive coatings for metallic implants is essential to enhance osseointegration and improve implant longevity. In this study, composite thin films based on bioactive glass and melittin were synthesized using the matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation technique and deposited onto titanium substrates. The coatings were characterized using physicochemical analysis methods, including scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Simulated body fluid immersion tests were also conducted to assess bioactivity over time. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed dense, irregular surface textures with nanoscale features and an average roughness of ~120 nm, favorable for cell adhesion. Contact angle measurements showed a significant shift from hydrophobic (~95° for bare titanium) to moderately hydrophilic (~62° for the bioglass and melittin coating) surfaces, indicating improved biocompatibility. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated enhanced corrosion resistance in simulated body fluid, with the coating exhibiting a ~45% decrease in impedance magnitude after 12 h of immersion, compared to only 4% for bare titanium. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses confirmed the progressive formation of a carbonated apatite layer after 7 days of simulated body fluid exposure, suggesting high bioactivity and osteoconductive potential. The combined effects of bioactive glass and melittin in the thin film structure offer promising applications in orthopedic and dental implants, enhancing both biological performance and structural integrity.