Coupling solar-driven photothermal effect into photocatalysis for sustainable water treatment.

Effectively harnessing renewable and inexhaustible solar radiation for energy conversion has attracted significant research interest in the past decade. Solar thermal conversion, as a ubiquitous phenomenon, can be implemented to evaporate water and concurrently boost photocatalytic performance for addressing freshwater scarcity and energy crisis. Most recently, solar water evaporation accompanied by photocatalytic degradation, sterilization, and hydrogen production has been proposed as a promising avenue to endow new vitality into the field of clean water and energy production. Driven by the advances of rationally designed solar-powered functional materials, a large variety of photothermal-coupled photocatalysis technologies have been exploited. In this context, it is imperative to summarize the recent progress and discuss the challenges in this multidisciplinary field. Herein, we overview photothermal materials based on various fundamental principles and highlight emerging applications in the areas of solar water evaporation, water purification, and solar-driven energy production. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives toward both fundamental research and practical applications are also proposed. It is envisioned that this review can provide insightful suggestions to further advance the development of integrated solar thermal driven water evaporation and photocatalytic systems to fulfill concurrent energy conversion and environmental applications.