Preparation of durable and multifunctional superhydrophobic cellulose paper-based materials using the phase change properties of carnauba waxes.

Amid growing environmental awareness, hydrophobic paper-based materials demonstrate pronounced advantages in sustainable packaging. However, current superhydrophobic modification techniques exhibit inherent limitations in durability and moisture resistance, rendering them inadequate for addressing diverse environmental challenges. This study presents a protection-and-release strategy, employing a hierarchical curing process to fabricate a graded rough surface featuring a honeycomb-like primary structure and nano-fumed silica (NFS) as the secondary microstructure. The formation mechanism of continuous, hierarchical, and durable rough structures in superhydrophobic coated paper-based materials (SCPBM) was investigated. SCPBM exhibited remarkable durability under mechanical abrasion (200 g, 50 cycles), tape peeling (30 cycles), ultrasonic treatment (300 W, 21 min), and various extreme conditions. Moreover, SCPBM has been demonstrated to exhibit exceptional resistance to water flow impact, immersion (68.5 % reduction), and bending-induced moisture resistance, Shows particular promise in Anti-icing performance and Multiphase repellence applications. Building upon the protection and release strategy, this study proposes a novel hierarchical curing transition model termed 'lotus seed head-honeycomb', which offers a versatile design blueprint for the broad-scale fabrication of durable superhydrophobic materials.