Comparative Evaluation of Surface Roughness of Different Composite Restorative Materials after Thermocycling and Prolonged Immersion in Common Beverages Using Atomic Force Microscopy-In Vitro Study.

BACKGROUND

Direct composite restorations face abrupt temperature changes, varying pH, and surface deterioration in the oral environment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides visual and numerical data on surface roughness.

AIM: This study evaluates and compares the surface roughness of composite restorative materials after simulating oral conditions.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

Three composite groups (n = 16 each) were tested. Group A: Microhybrid, Group B: Nanofilled, and Group C: Nanohybrid. Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 4 each): distilled water (control), black coffee, Coca-Cola, and Red Bull. After thermocycling and immersion, surface roughness was measured using AFM.

RESULTS

Nanocomposites with uniform monomodal fillers showed the least surface disintegration and superior properties.

CONCLUSION

Resin chemistry, including filler size and matrix composition, is crucial for composite properties and performance under function.