BMJ open · 2023
Prevalence of and factors associated with the use of gender-affirming hormonal therapy outside the reference regimen among transgender people in a community-led clinic in Metro Manila, Philippines: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
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Eustaquio Patrick C, Dela Cruz Jan Dio Miguel, Araña Yanyan, Rosos Bubbles, Rosadiño John Danvic T, Pagtakhan Ronivin G, Regencia Zypher Jude G, Baja Emmanuel S
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe the gender-affirming hormonal therapy (GAHT) intake behaviour and regimen and the factors associated with the use of hormones inconsistent with reference GAHT regimen among transgender people in the Philippines.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
SETTING: Transgender community clinic in Metro Manila, Philippines from March 2017 to December 2019.
PARTICIPANTS: Gender-affirming care-seeking individuals of at least 18 years old, who self-identified as transgender or non-binary, and who self-reported current or previous use of GAHT at baseline consult.
PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Reported drugs and/or administration routes not congruent with the World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standard of Care eighth edition were classified as hormone use outside the reference regimen.
RESULTS: 253 transgender people reported current or previous intake of GAHT. Many trans women and transfeminine people (TWTFP; 58.9%, 86/146) reported using oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), whereas most trans men (TM; 73.8%, 79/107) reported injecting testosterone esters. Furthermore, 59.7% (151/253) used hormones outside the reference regimen, widely using OCP and anabolic steroids among TWTFP and TM, respectively. TWTFP (crude prevalence ratio, PR, 3.52; 95% CI 2.35 to 5.49) and those who take unprescribed GAHT (crude PR 2.37; 95% CI 1.08 to 6.68) were more likely to use hormones outside the reference regimen than TM and taking healthcare provider-prescribed GAHT, respectively. On adjusting for covariates, the prevalence of using hormones outside the reference regimen was approximately three times higher (adjusted PR 3.22; 95% CI 2.09 to 5.12) among TWTFP than TM.
CONCLUSION: Trans people act on their high unmet gender-affirming care needs by taking unprescribed GAHT, many outside the reference regimen. Structural changes in the health system are warranted, including strengthened community-based self-administration practices.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
SETTING: Transgender community clinic in Metro Manila, Philippines from March 2017 to December 2019.
PARTICIPANTS: Gender-affirming care-seeking individuals of at least 18 years old, who self-identified as transgender or non-binary, and who self-reported current or previous use of GAHT at baseline consult.
PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Reported drugs and/or administration routes not congruent with the World Professional Association for Transgender Health Standard of Care eighth edition were classified as hormone use outside the reference regimen.
RESULTS: 253 transgender people reported current or previous intake of GAHT. Many trans women and transfeminine people (TWTFP; 58.9%, 86/146) reported using oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), whereas most trans men (TM; 73.8%, 79/107) reported injecting testosterone esters. Furthermore, 59.7% (151/253) used hormones outside the reference regimen, widely using OCP and anabolic steroids among TWTFP and TM, respectively. TWTFP (crude prevalence ratio, PR, 3.52; 95% CI 2.35 to 5.49) and those who take unprescribed GAHT (crude PR 2.37; 95% CI 1.08 to 6.68) were more likely to use hormones outside the reference regimen than TM and taking healthcare provider-prescribed GAHT, respectively. On adjusting for covariates, the prevalence of using hormones outside the reference regimen was approximately three times higher (adjusted PR 3.22; 95% CI 2.09 to 5.12) among TWTFP than TM.
CONCLUSION: Trans people act on their high unmet gender-affirming care needs by taking unprescribed GAHT, many outside the reference regimen. Structural changes in the health system are warranted, including strengthened community-based self-administration practices.