Antiviral activity of stearylamine against chikungunya virus.

Chikungunya, a mosquito-borne disease that causes high fever and severe joint pain in humans, is a profound global threat because of its high rate of contagion and lack of antiviral interventions or vaccines for controlling the infection. The present study was aimed to investigate the antiviral activity of Stearylamine (SA) against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in both in vitro and in vivo. The antiviral activity of SA was determined by foci forming unit (FFU) assay, quantitative RT-PCR and cell-based immune-fluorescence assay (IFA). Further in vivo studies were carried out to see the effect of SA treatment in CHIKV infected C57BL/6 mice. The anti-CHIKV activity was evaluated using qRT-PCR in serum and muscle tissues at different time points and by histopathology. In vitro treatment with SA at a concentration of 50 μM showed a reduction of 1.23 ± 0.19 log10 FFU/mL at 16 h and 1.56 ± 0.12 log10 FFU/mL at 24 h posttreatment by FFU assay. qRT-PCR studies indicated that SA treatment at 50μM concentration showed a singnificant reduction of 1.6 ± 0.1 log10 and 1.27 ± 0.12 log10 RNA copies when compared with that of virus control at 16 and 24 h post incubation. Treatments in the C57BL/6 mice model revealed that SA at 20 mg/kg dose per day up to 3, 5 and 7 days, produced stronger inhibition against CHIKV indicating substantially decrease viral loads and inflammatory cell migration in comparison to a dose of 10 mg/kg. This first in vivo study clearly indicates that SA is effective by significantly reducing virus replication in serum and muscles. As a next-generation antiviral therapeutic, these promising results can be translated for the use of SA to rationalize and develop an ideal delivery system alone or in combination against CHIKV.