Manipulation of the oestrous cycle of the bitch-what works… for now.

Manipulation of the oestrous cycle of the bitch is a common request of pet owners for different reasons. On one side, clients may be interested in temporally preventing oestrus until the bitch has finished the performance career, or to manage the kennel in the presence of a stud dog and to avoid undesirable breeding. Additionally, clients with no interest to use their animal for breeding, may, for ethical reasons, prefer to avoid elective surgery such as ovariectomy, to control reproduction. On the other side, clients may want to induce oestrus to better control the time of birth, to use a male with limited availability during a specific time, or to reduce the duration of the interoestrous interval in bitches with a long oestrous cycle (>8 months). Both these options for oestrous manipulation are based on hormonal treatments. For oestrous prevention, synthetic progesterone has been used since the 1960s. Induction of oestrus has been established with reliable results using dopamine agonists in the late 1980s and more recently using GnRH agonists. This review is focusing on the current and recently available treatments to manipulate the oestrous cycle in the bitch.