Regulation of DTH and IgE responses by IL-4 and IFN-gamma in immunized mice given pertussis toxin.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) are cytokines with important functions in regulating immune responses. IFN-gamma may be produced by cells responsible for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), whereas IL-4 is essential for IgE production. Pertussis toxin (PT) from Bordetella pertussis enhances both DTH and IgE responses, and causes enhancement of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 secretion in immunized mice. In the present study, the effects of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against IFN-gamma or IL-4 on DTH, serum IgE and cytokine production were assessed. Treatment with a monoclonal anti-IL-4 antibody at the time of immunization caused a striking increase in DTH responses, and elicited enhanced IFN-gamma expression, while inhibition of the production of IL-4 and IgE was observed. By contrast, injection of a monoclonal anti-IFN-gamma antibody was followed by significant but not complete suppression of DTH reactions. IFN-gamma secretion was also inhibited, whereas IL-4 production and serum IgE were increased. Thus antibodies to IL-4 and IFN-gamma, given at the time of immunization, can profoundly influence the nature of short-term immune responses elicited by PT in immunized mice.