Reproductive performance of a semi-automated insemination system technology in sows.

Artificial insemination (AI) is a key biotechnology applied to disseminate superior genetics; however, its success depends on skilled labor to ensure accurate and consistent execution. A semi-automated insemination system (SAIS), capable of controlling semen deposition and reproducing the pressure of natural mating, can align AI procedures more closely with the sow's physiological responses. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the use of SAIS in post-cervical AI can improve reproductive efficiency in sows. A total of 449 females were inseminated, with 228 sows assigned to SAIS and 221 to the conventional method (CONV). Groups were balanced for parity, body condition, inseminator, and boar distribution. Sperm quality during storage did not differ between treatments. However, significant differences emerged during AI procedures: the SAIS group required less time to perform AI (18.60 ± 5.65 vs. 22.52 ± 12.38 seconds; P < 0.0001) and presented a lower incidence of semen backflow after AI (43.28% vs. 66.15%; P < 0.0001). The backflow negatively affected conception rate (P = 0.0342), although it did not influence total or live-born piglet numbers. Regarding reproductive performance, conception and farrowing rates were similar between groups. Nevertheless, females inseminated with SAIS have a higher total number of piglets born (16.97 ± 3.38 vs. 15.70 ± 3.91; P = 0.0027) and more live-born piglets (15.79 ± 3.3 vs. 14.46 ± 3.6; P = 0.0016) compared with CONV. Since backflow was not associated with litter size, this improvement cannot be attributed solely to reduced reflux. Instead, factors such as more standardized semen deposition and lower variability between inseminations may have contributed to this improvement. In conclusion, SAIS proved to be a practical and advantageous tool for AI in sows. Its use reduced time, decreased backflow, and increased litter size, representing a promising strategy to enhance efficiency in commercial herds.