[Construction of the Ecological Security Pattern in Zhengzhou City Based on the OWA Algorithm and InVEST Model].

With the accelerating process of urbanization in Zhengzhou City, the region is increasingly confronted with significant ecological challenges, including the degradation of ecosystem service functions, heightened ecological sensitivity, and diminished landscape connectivity, all of which pose serious threats to regional ecological security. In response to these challenges, this study establishes an integrated framework for the identification and optimization of the ecological security pattern in Zhengzhou City. The ordered weighted averaging (OWA) multi-criteria decision-making approach was employed to evaluate trade-offs among multiple ecosystem services under different scenarios, thereby delineating key ecological functional zones. Ecological sensitivity assessment and landscape connectivity analysis were incorporated to identify the spatial distribution of ecological source areas, while circuit theory was applied to extract ecological corridors, locate ecological barriers and pinch points, and ultimately facilitate the construction of a comprehensive ecological security pattern alongside the formulation of targeted optimization strategies. The results indicate that: ① Thirty-one ecological source areas were identified, covering a total area of 1 330.66 km2 and accounting for 17.59% of the study region, primarily concentrated in the Yellow River Basin in the north and the mountainous forest regions of Dengfeng, Xinmi, and Gongyi in the southwest. ② A total of 75 ecological corridors were delineated, with a cumulative length of 991 km and a spider web-like distribution pattern； the corridor width was uniformly set at 50 meters to ensure the highest proportion of water bodies and the lowest interference from construction land, thereby enhancing ecological connectivity and maintaining stable pathways for species migration. ③ Forty-one ecological pinch points and 1 180 km2 of ecological barrier areas were identified and classified into three levels of severity: Level Ⅰ(507.8 km2), Level Ⅱ (462.9 km2), and Level Ⅲ (209.6 km2). Based on these findings, an ecological security pattern characterized by "one belt, two axes, three zones, and multiple nodes" is proposed, offering a scientific foundation and practical guidance for ecological governance and sustainable spatial development in Zhengzhou City.