Insights from In-Field Applications of Back-Support Exoskeletons in the Construction Industry: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions.

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONSThis study evaluated two passive back-support exoskeletons, a rigid and a soft model, during three construction tasks: shoveling, rebar tying, and welding, using workers' subjective feedback for the assessment. Both devices were found to reduce strain on the lower back and were generally perceived as supportive, although the rigid exoskeleton was perceived as more restrictive than the soft one. Workers reported task-specific differences in comfort, performance, and usability, with common concerns including thermal discomfort, device weight, and interference with tools or surroundings. These findings suggest that while back-support exoskeletons can help reduce physical demands, their effectiveness depends on proper task selection, exoskeleton fit, and user training. For ergonomics practitioners, this study highlights the importance of integrating exoskeletons with existing personal protective equipment and tailoring their use to specific construction tasks. Addressing usability challenges and providing targeted training can enhance worker comfort, safety, and long-term adoption in industrial settings.