Bidirectional All-Optical Synapses for Neuromorphic Computing and Vision.

All-optical synapses (AOS) that integrate sensing and processing of photonic signals represent a transformative frontier for optical computing and neuromorphic imaging. Most existing AOSs are limited to unidirectional weight modulation, achieving both excitation and inhibition output through all-optical pathway remains a challenge. Here we report a dual-photon-mediated strategy that achieving bidirectional neuroplasticity within a phosphorescent and photothermal carbon dot hybrid (CDH) neurotransmitter. This regulatory process employs ultraviolet and infrared light manipulation to achieve controllable exciton release and superposition of phosphorescent emission, thereby enabling neurophotonic potentiation and depression output. These features enable the CDH to realize optical logic operation and neurovision with real-time tracking and recognition of light objects, including motion trajectory, velocity, and direction, with a high accuracy of 97%. This work offers an all-optical regulation method to innovate phosphorescent paradigm for all-optical computing and imaging.