["Bark-gras" syndrome? Case presentation on the differential diagnosis of delusional misidentifications].

In this case report, we present a young female patient exhibiting pathological misidentification symptoms, in which we employ differential diagnostic methods to distinguish between Capgras syndrome and Fregoli syndrome. The uniqueness of the case lies in the fact that the object of misidentification is not a human being but an animal - in this instance, a dog. Moreover, the underlying psychiatric disorder does not conform to the typical patterns commonly associated with such symptom formations. Following the presentation of findings from a comprehensive psychodiagnostic evaluation, we interpret the psychopathological process within a psychodynamic explanatory framework, placing particular emphasis on the differential diagnostic implications. To the best of our knowledge, in Hungary this is the first documented case of a pathological misidentification in which the primary etiopathogenetic factor can be attributed to a pathological trajectory of personality development. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(2): 65-69.