Polarization-Dependent 3D Holography Generated by Inverse Design Nanoprinting Metasurface.

3D holographic imaging holds great promise as an immersive display platform, enabling the projection of cubic objects in a specific space and facilitating direct interaction with humans. As 3D holographic imaging continues to evolve, metasurfaces emerge as a promising solution due to their lightweight, compact, and small-scale properties at the macro level. However, to meet the growing demands for higher information storage, greater freedom in display, and smoother 3D holographic imaging, there is a need for a new metasurface capable of accommodating enhanced 3D holographic abilities by incorporating additional freedom. This paper proposes the use of polarization to add imaging freedom and applies modern gradient descent algorithms to accelerate the design of polarization-dependent 3D holographic imaging. To enable large-scale fabrication of the designed metasurfaces and bring polarization-dependent 3D holographic metasurfaces closer to commercialization, a high-refractive-index TiO2 particle-doped resin-based large-scale nanoprinting method is introduced. The design's capabilities are demonstrated by achieving 24 3D holographic images at four polarizations in simulation and ten 3D holographic images in experiment at two polarizations. This work paves the way for the commercialization of multi-dimensional 3D holographic imaging based on metasurfaces, ushering in a new era of compact, lightweight, and large-scale multi-dimensional 3D holographic displays.