Antisperm antibodies and male subfertility.

The outcome of treatment for couples with male immunological infertility must be considered in conjunction with the risks, costs and time to success involved. Reversible factors should be treated. Steroid treatment is a good option but its failure in two-thirds of patients should add impetus to attempts to predict responders before or soon after starting treatment. The treatment options are not mutually exclusive [48]. The success of IUI may be enhanced further by new sperm preparation techniques. If severe immunological infertility exists or other infertility factors are present, IVF or ICSI may be considered from the outset.