Advancing Embodied Virtual Reality for Motor Learning and Neurorehabilitation.

Advancements in Embodied Virtual Reality (EVR) can revolutionise motor learning and rehabilitation by offering immersive and ecologically valid environments. This study refines an EVR setup to investigate motor learning using a realistic yet controlled billiards task.The setup integrates physical interactions with virtual experiences, allowing participants to use real-world objects, including a cue stick and balls. Enhancements include a redesigned pool table to control task difficulty, refined virtual ball velocity profiles for more realistic dynamics, and novel feedback mechanisms that isolate error-based and reward-based learning.Pilot studies with naive and moderately experienced pool players demonstrated increased realism, engagement, and experimental control. The system supports the study of adaptive skill acquisition in naturalistic contexts, addressing the challenges of balancing experimental control with real-world applicability.The improved EVR setup provides a powerful tool for studying motor learning and translating laboratory insights into real-world neurorehabilitation applications, supporting adaptive skill acquisition in naturalistic settings.Clinical relevance - The motor learning insights from the EVR setup hold significant implications for neurorehabilitation, providing a robust platform to design adaptive and engaging rehabilitation programs for conditions like stroke recovery and motor impairments, fostering skill relearning in controlled yet naturalistic settings.