[Grapevine fanleaf virus biology].

Fanleaf degeneration disease is referred to as "ortiage" in the French literature in 1723. Nowadays it occurs in most vineyards worldwide. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is the main causal agent of the disease. It was identified in 1960 following the identification of the ectoparasitic dagger nematode Xiphinema index as its exclusive vector. The expression of the bipartite viral genome has been characterized and functions have been assigned to most viral proteins. Remarkably, the viral RNAs are monouridylated. The virion structure was determined by crystallography and transmission determinants were mapped on the coat protein. Further, viral determinants of symptoms in leaves and roots of plant hosts, three suppressors of RNA silencing, and metabolic pathways dysregulated upon infection were identified. Despite tremendous progress, management responses are limited. Future research will undoubtfully better elucidate the different steps of the infection cycle and provide opportunities to apply transformative GFLV management solutions in the vineyard.