Automation, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Digital Management in IVF Laboratories: Current Status, Challenges and Potential.

Current in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory procedures are limited by labor-intensive, multi-step processes and technical specificity. Manual manipulation introduces variability in outcomes due to differences in operator skill and experience, and increases the risk of errors such as mix-ups or accidental loss of gametes or embryos. Additionally, subjective judgment on embryo scoring can lead to inter-observer discrepancy, compromising the reliability and consistency of assessments. However, automation, AI and digital technologies offer the solutions by standardizing IVF processes, reducing variations influenced by human factors, and mitigating the likelihood of errors while easing the physical or mental burden on embryologists. This article aims to review the evolving landscape of automation, AI, and digital management in the IVF lab. It covers routine preparation, gamete or embryo handling, IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), gametes or embryo cryopreservation, and workflow-based digital management. Additionally, the review explores the potential transformative impact of these technologies and address the challenges during their implementation. By delving into the foundational principles, advantages, and hurdles associated with these technologies, focused studies can be undertaken to promote their progress and integration. Furthermore, clinical trials can validate the effectiveness and safety of these technologies, providing robust evidence for their clinical utilization.