Application of dendritic cell extracellular vesicles as a valid nanoparticle platform for cancer therapies: a narrative review.

Introduction

Based on released data, cancer is a global health crisis in the clinical setting with high rates of morbidity and mortality in developing and industrialized societies [ 1 ]. Uncontrolled cell growth, activation of anti-apoptotic or inhibition of pro-apoptotic factors, can predispose the development of tumor cells with the potential to spread to close and remote tissues [ 2 ]. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in conventional modalities related to cancer patients, such as surgery, chemotherapy, etc. However, side effects and lack of suitable on-target delivery, drug resistance, and immune system incompetence are still challenging issues [ 3 ]. Along with these descriptions, the advent of novel therapeutic approaches to promote tumor-killing capabilities of immune cells is at the center of debate [ 1 ]. Immunotherapy has become a promising approach for cancer patients in recent years. In this regard, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies, and DC-based vaccines have been effective in slowing down or inhibiting the progression of tumor cells, leading to further investigations [ 4 ]. However, some limitations and bottlenecks, such as a lack of suitable effectiveness against certain tumors, low immunogenicity, side effects, and high costs, necessitate the emergence and development of sophisticated platforms to intensify antitumor immune responses [ 5 ].

Several studies have confirmed the unique properties of DC EVs as cell-free therapy in the regulation of immune responses [ 6 ]. DCs are potent cells to produce large amounts of EVs to transfer the bioactive molecules and synchronize immune cell homeostasis [ 7 ]. Meanwhile, DC EVs possess comparable immunological features of their parent DCs and harbor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and co-stimulatory molecules, which are required for the activation of T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells [ 8 ]. Here, in this review article, recent advances in the application of DC EVs in cancer immunotherapy were highlighted. The immunological functions and therapeutic efficiencies of DC EVs for possible clinical use were also discussed in detail.

Generally, DCs belong to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with the ability to regulate innate and adaptive immune responses [ 2 ]. Precise cross-species single-cell transcriptome evaluation from fish to human has revealed conserved functions such as phagocytosis and antigen-presenting activity in DCs [ 3 ]. These cells can potently capture, process, and present antigens to T cells to make a bridge between the cells related to the innate and adaptive immune system [ 4 ]. Molecular and cellular assays revealed the higher levels of MHC I and II for delivering various immunogenic antigens to CD8 + and CD4 + T lymphocytes with the collaboration of co-stimulatory factors (CD80, CD86, and CD40) [ 5 ]. DCs possess paracrine activity to release cytokines (e.g., IL-12, IL-15) and regulate T cell differentiation and stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and NK cell activity [ 6 ]. In general, DCs are classified into four main types: conventional or classic DCs [cDCs: CD123 − /HLADR + /CD11c + /CD14 +/− /CD16 +/− /CD3 − /CD19 − /CD20 − /CD56 − ] composed of cDC1 and cDC2 subsets, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), and Langerhans cells (LCs) (Fig. 1 ) [ 7 ]. cDCs are potent APCs with a short life span in the circulation [ 8 ]. These cells originate from bone marrow progenitor cells following differentiation into common DC progenitors (c-kit + /CX3CR1 + /CD115 + /Flt3 + ), pre-DCs (c-kit +/− /CD115 + / Flt3 + ), and eventually cDCs in a Flt3/FL-dependent manner [ 9 , 10 ]. Notably, cDC1 (CLEC9A + /CD141 + ) exhibit great potential to present process antigens along with MHC-I to CD8 + T lymphocytes, which is critical in tumoricidal activity [ 9 ]. While cDC2 (CD1c + /SIRPα + /CLEC10A + have two distinct subsets CD5 + , and CD5 − . It has been indicated that cDC2 are cross-presenters of antigens to CD4 + T lymphocytes [ 9 ]. pDCs (CD11c − /CD123 + /CD303 + ) are present in systemic circulation, lymphoid tissues are mainly involved in antiviral immunity via the production of interferons (IFNs), while moDCs (BDCA-1 + /CD1a + /CD11c + /CD14 + /CD172a + ) possess the ability to produce several cytokines, present antigens to CD4 + and CD8 + cells, and drive diverse immune responses. The last DC type (LCs) are found in cutaneous tissues and are the main cross-presenters of glycolipid antigens to CD8 + lymphocytes [ 9 , 10 ]. Some scientific literatures reported the existence of follicular DCs (FDCs) exist in the lymph node germinal layer with the potential to help humoral immunity and B lymphocytes to produce high-affinity antibodies and generate B memory cells [ 11 ]. These cells are CD21 + /CD23 + /CD35 + /podoplanin + /clusterin + /CXCL13 + [ 12 ]. By the production of specific factors, FDCs can sensitize the B cells to different immunogenic factors. The PDL-1 and PDL-2 expressing FDCs also stimulate T lymphocytes via the activation of PD-1 [ 12 ].

Currently, DCs are isolated from biological samples using different strategies. In one approach, progenitor cells are enriched from blood, bone marrow and cord blood samples based on different factors such as CD34, CD14 or other markers using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and/or magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and further mature into DC lineages using different cytokines such as granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-4 (IL-4), TNF-α [ 13 – 17 ]. It is also possible to isolate blood mononuclear cells using gradient density, and moDCs are enriched based on their capacity to adhere to the culture flask. Further addition of certain cytokines, such as GM-CSF, IL-4, and purification by FACS and/or MACS, is helpful in this regard [ 17 ]. Other techniques, such as single-cell RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining, are used for tissue localization of DCs [ 18 ].

Fig. 1 Human DC subsets. Molecular investigations have revealed the existence of heterogeneous DC types with hematopoietic stem cell origin. Created by BioRender’s web-based software

To the best of our knowledge, there are few reports monitoring different aspects of DC EVs in terms of tumoricidal properties on heterogeneous cell populations within the tumor parenchyma. Here, recent data about the tumor cell killing activity of DC EVs and possible application in cancer conditions were discussed. The advent of novel approaches in the development of EVs with higher tumoricidal properties was at the center of attention.

EV biogenesis and abscission

EVs are heterogeneous nanosized particles and are released by different eukaryotic cells for active cell-to-cell communication and tissue homeostasis (Fig. 2 ) [ 19 , 20 ]. It has been shown that EVs are consistently produced under physiological and pathological conditions and easily distribute in various biofluids [ 21 , 22 ]. Within the EV structure, signaling biomolecules such as proteins, genetic materials (nucleic acids, mRNAs, noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, etc.), metabolites, lipids, subcellular components, and other factors are transferred from donor cells to recipient cells. Of note, abundant miRNAs have been shown inside the EVs compared to other components [ 23 , 24 ]. Changes in the metabolic status of parent cells under certain conditions, such as senile changes, apoptosis, etc., can alter the cargo sorting and molecular signature of EVs [ 25 , 26 ]. With the characterization of EV components, it is possible to follow up on the real-time metabolic changes and the existence of abnormal conditions inside the host cells [ 27 ].

Data have confirmed three main types of EVs [Exos, microvesicles (MVs), and apoptotic bodies] based on mean diameter size, biogenesis machinery, and mechanisms involved in their release from the cells into the extracellular matrix (ECM) [ 28 ]. Among different EV types, Exos are at the center of attention due to their impact on dynamic cell-to-cell interaction, putative biomarkers for various pathological conditions with inherent cargo-carrying capacities [ 29 ]. Exos, ranging from 30 to 200 nm, are produced by using intricate and complex processes within the endosomal systems [ 30 ]. The initial step of Exo formation includes the activation of endocytosis to internalize Exos from the ECM into early endosomes, followed by maturation into late endosomes, and multivesicular bodies (MVBs) [ 31 , 32 ]. The invagination of the endosomal membrane leads to the cargo sorting and sequestration of various biological components into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), which is primarily controlled by the ESCRT complex with different subsets including ESCRT-0, I, II, III, and the ATPase Vps4, along with other effectors such as Hrs, STAM1, TSG101, and ALIX [ 33 – 36 ]. After activation of ESCRT 0, I, II, ubiquitinated proteins and components are directed into the developing ILVs, and activation of ESCRT III catalyzes the scission of the endosomal membrane neck and pushes the nascent ILVs into the lumen of endosomes and MVBs [ 37 ]. Aside from the direct role of the ESCRT complex in the production of ILVs, ESCRT-independent mechanisms can also be engaged in this regard. Tetraspanins (e.g., CD9, CD63, Tspan8), ceramides produced by neutral sphingomyelinase, and the syndecan-syntenin-ALIX axis are involved in the generation of ILVs [ 38 – 40 ]. ILVs inside the MVBs can be directed toward lysosomal degradation or released into the ECM, known hereafter as Exos [ 1 ]. The release of Exos is orchestrated by the activity of various Rab GTPase types (e.g., Rab27 and Rab31), SNARE system (e.g., VAMP7 and syntaxin) [ 41 , 42 ]. Besides specific ligand-receptor interaction, non-specific mechanisms such as electrostatic attraction, direct fusion, macropinocytosis, phagocytosis, and lipid rafts are involved in the entry of Exos into the target cells [ 43 , 44 ]. The phenomenon of endocytosis is based on the activity of clathrin and caveolae [ 45 ]. After exosomal cargo is delivered into the target cells, biomolecules can alter metabolic status (Fig. 2 ) [ 46 ].

Fig. 2 Different EV types (above). The mechanisms of Exo production and release from donor cells in the eukaryotic cells (below). The internalized Exos were encapsulated inside the early endosomes, followed by maturation into late endosomes and MVBs containing numerous ILVs. In the following steps, MVBs can fuse with the cell membrane by engaging several SNAREs to release ILVs, which are known hereafter as Exos. The sequestration and selection of certain growth factors and signaling molecules are regulated by the activity of the ESCRT complex and the Rab protein family. Created by BioRender’s web-based software

Role of EVs in the immune system

Recent data have shown the critical role of EVs in the function of immune cells. These particles can be used in immunotherapies by improving the body’s capacity to recognize and eliminate tumor cells [ 47 ]. Of note, the dual role of EVs has also been in terms of immune system regulation. In support of this claim, EVs can promote the development and progression of tumor mass by the inhibition of certain immune cell subsets via the release of various immunosuppressive factors. It is also possible that these particles are potent players to stimulate the function of the immune system via presentation of immunogenic antigens and activation of particular signaling pathways against, via different underlying mechanisms [ 48 , 49 ]. Several studies have revealed the existence of stimulatory factors various antibodies and cytokines, with the potential to control the function of recruited immune cells within the tumor parenchyma [ 47 ]. It should not be neglected that EVs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) do not solely originate from immune cells or other healthy cell lineages, and tumor cells are putative EV producers with immunosuppressive properties [ 50 ]. A well-documented example is the release of PD-L1–bearing EVs from breast and lung cancer cells. EVs interact with PD-1 receptors on DCs and prevent their proper maturation, inhibit migration to lymphoid tissues, and thus impair antigen presentation [ 50 ]. In addition, exosomal PD-L1 has been shown to suppress T lymphocyte proliferation and cytotoxic function, thereby diminishing antitumor responses. For example, glioblastoma cell line EVs were found to inhibit the activation of both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. This effect was demonstrated across multiple experimental settings using flow cytometry to assess T cell activation markers such as CD69 and CD25, as well as T cell proliferation. Specifically, EVs isolated from glioblastoma patients were co-incubated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors and stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies to mimic antigen recognition via the TCR. Under these conditions, a significant blockade of T cell activation was observed, highlighting the immunosuppressive role of tumor-derived exosomal PD-L1 [ 51 , 52 ]. The transfer of PD-L1 via EVs to other immune cells leads to the regulation of immunosuppressive signaling within the tumor parenchyma. It was suggested that T cells recognize tumor antigens from DCs for tumoricidal activities. However, tumor cells can evade the immune system via the activation of PD-1/PD-L1 and upregulation of PD-L1 after being exposed to pro-inflammatory signals. In this regard, the attachment of PD-L1 to T cell PD-1 prohibits RAS, PI3K, AKT, and ERK signaling pathways and blunts the production and release of cytokines required for T lymphocyte response. Notably, by the regulation of ICIs, anti-tumor behavior and function of T cells are restored (Fig. 3 ) [ 53 , 54 ].

Fig. 3 T lymphocytes need DC-derived co-stimulatory signals for tumoricidal properties ( A ). It is believed that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is directly integral to anti-tumor activity in T cells. Tumor cells can exploit PD-1/PD-L1 pathway by upregulating PD-L1, which binds PD-1 on T cells, leading to the inhibition of downstream effectors such as RAS, PI3K, AKT, and ERK. Along with these changes, the production and release of cytokines were diminished, and the tumoricidal properties of T cells ( B ). By the control of ICIs, the mutual interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 is damped, followed by restoring tumor-specific T cell function. TAMs: Tumor-associated macrophages; MDSCs: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells; APCs: Antigen-presenting cells; TME: Tumor microenvironment; CSC: Cancer stem cells; TCR: T-cell receptor. Reproduced with Permission [ 54 ]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2024

Furthermore, tumor-derived extracellular vesicles have been shown to induce the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which leads to the suppression of CD8 + T cell function and reduced antitumor immunity [ 55 ]. Because of specific integral ligands, Exos can target certain receptors on tumor cells and/or immune cells. These features can contribute to particular biological effects. For example, DC EV NKG2D ligands provoke NK cells’ NKG2D receptors, leading to dynamic growth and proliferation [ 56 ]. In contrast, it was suggested that NKG2D ligand-bearing EVs exhibit significant properties to inhibit the NK cell cytotoxicity induced by the activation of NKG2D [ 57 ]. Commensurate with these data, one can hypothesize that EVs act as immune system stimulators/inhibitors. How and by which mechanisms EVs control the activity of immune cells needs further investigation (Fig. 4 ).

Fig. 4 Activated DCs secrete EVs enriched in MHC class I/II molecules, co-stimulatory molecules (e.g., CD86), and tumor-associated antigens. These EVs provoked T cells, presenting antigens via MHC-TCR interactions and providing co-stimulatory signals to induce T cell activation. Activated cytotoxic T cells (CD8 + ) subsequently target and eliminate cancer cells through highly specific cytotoxic mechanisms, such as granzyme and perforin release, leading to tumor cell apoptosis. Created by BioRender’s web-based software

In an experiment, it was shown that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated DCs produce EVs enriched with MHC class I and ICAM-1 with the potential to attach LFA-1 on other DCs, resulting in the internalization of peptide-MHC complexes and antigens presenting [ 58 ]. Other stimulatory factors, such as Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, have also been recognized in DC EVs. The interaction of TLR ligands with membrane-bound receptors activates DCs, produces inflammatory cytokines, and promotes antigen presentation [ 59 ]. Besides immune cell or healthy cell EVs, EVs produced by tumor cells can harbor various immunogenic antigens to APCs like DCs, which can, in turn, activate the adaptive immunity and recruitment of immune cells into the tumor niche [ 47 ]. Upon the internalization of tumor cell EVs, DCs are educated to release EV subsets with significant anti-tumor properties, leading to the activation of T lymphocytes via presenting MHC-class peptide complex [ 60 ]. It has been thought that distinct mechanisms are involved in the selective entry of EVs into the immune cells [ 61 ]. Of course, the uptake capacity of immune cells differs based on different pathological conditions. For instance, activated immune cells exhibit superior properties to internalize EVs compared to the quiescent or dormant cell counterparts. These effects could be related to the cell distribution of specific receptors or the involvement of different entry mechanisms inside the activated immune cells [ 62 , 63 ]. Activated immune cells (e.g., T cells, macrophages, DCs) express higher levels of receptors like LFA-1, ICAM-1, TCR, and integrins (CD51, CD61), which facilitate EV binding and uptake. For example, DC EVs are internalized via ICAM-1–CD11a interactions, which are more pronounced in activated DCs [ 64 , 65 ]. Also, activated immune cells exhibit increased activity in endocytic pathways like phagocytosis and macropinocytosis. For instance, macrophages and dendritic cells in an activated state show higher phagocytic uptake of EVs compared to quiescent monocytes [ 63 , 66 ]. As mentioned above, LFA receptors are engaged in T lymphocytes for the uptake of DC EVs [ 67 ]. It has been demonstrated that antigen-specific T-cell responses are activated by the transfer of APC EVs. It is believed that the external surface of APC EVs contains T cell co-stimulatory molecules and MHC class II and I with antigen presentation capacity [ 68 ]. Besides, EVs are active key players in the transfer of information between adaptive and innate immunity and altering the genes of receptor cells [ 48 ]. By transferring various genetic materials such as microRNAs, post-transcriptional genes are modulated and innate immunity is provoked through the activation of endosomal TLR receptors [ 69 ]. Additionally, in one study, researchers used microRNAs loaded tumor-derived EVs (mt-EVs). It was shown that the modified EVs have tumor-specific properties and carry relevant immunogenic antigens. Interestingly, mt-EVs accelerate the maturation of DCs and improve antigen presentation capacity. In tumor-bearing mice, Let-7i, miR-142, and miR-155-loaded mt-EVs prohibit tumor development and increase the survival rate [ 70 ]. Along with these changes, the increase of IFNγ and granzyme B in CTLs contributes to significant anti-tumor activity. The intramuscular injection of modified mt-EVs was shown to efficiently stimulate the DC maturation, T cell activity and tumor mass atresia (Fig. 5 ) [ 70 ].

Fig. 5 Modification of tumor cell EVs (mt-EVs) influences DC maturation. Optimal EV and miRNA concentrations were determined based on significant increases in Let-7i expression in DCs incubated with 50–100 µg of mt-EVs ( a ). Gene expression analysis revealed higher miR-155, miR-142, and Let-7i levels in mt-EVs compared to unmodified tumor EVs (t-EVs) ( b ). DCs cultured with mt-EVs exhibited prominent MHC-II, CD86, and CD40 expression ( c ). The analysis of various miRNAs (m142, let7i), mt-EV (m155, let7i), mt-EV (m155, 142), and mt-EV (all), with mt-EV (m142, let7i) showed similar conditions when these cells were treated with LPS. Of note, t-EVs without miRNAs were used as a negative control in this study. Data are presented as mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) ( d ). Data [mean ± SD; n = 3], with statistical significance indicated by adjusted p-values (*APV < 0.05; **APV < 0.01; ***APV < 0.001; ****APV < 0.0001). Reproduced with permission [ 70 ]. Cancer Letters. 2021

DC EVs and antigen-presenting procedure

Of the crucial components within the TME, DCs can respond to ICIs, making them a promising target for cancer immunotherapy [ 71 ]. Within the TME, various immunosuppressive factors, including regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, tumor-derived soluble factors, and metabolic constraints, can impair DC maturation, antigen uptake, and migration to draining lymph nodes, tipping the balance toward immune tolerance rather than activation [ 71 ]. DCs are the main cellular platform to present immunogenic antigens and regulate CD4 + T lymphocyte function [ 72 ]. DC EVs contain surface molecules from their predecessor dendritic cells; in addition to MHC class I and II molecules with peptide antigens, they also convey co-stimulatory molecules such as CD40 and CD86 [ 59 ]. It seems that different DC subsets can express distinct repertoires of pattern-recognition receptors (PRR) with the ability to recognize and react to diverse stimuli in a different manner [ 73 ]. Of course, several scientific documents have confirmed the existence of diverse stimulus signals originating from pathogens and microenvironments to regulate the activity of DCs [ 74 ]. To be specific, DCs are tissue sentinels by collecting antigens from their surrounding microenvironment, processing, and presenting resident and circulating CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes using MHC-I and II molecules, respectively. Of note, the entity and physicochemical properties of antigens predetermine target DC subpopulation and activation mechanism via phagocytosis, micropinocytosis, and/or receptor-mediated endocytosis [ 75 ]. Immunophenotyping studies have revealed different DC subsets, including classical DCs (type 1 cDC1s and type 2 cDC2s) and plasmacytoid DCs. cDC2s are eligible to process and present antigens in collaboration with MHC-II to CD4 + T lymphocytes and increase phenotypic switching toward Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells [ 76 ]. Molecular analysis has unveiled the existence of heterogeneous cDC2 subsets, including DC2 and DC3, which necessitate further investigations about their origin and tasks. As a common belief, plasmacytoid DCs are the major cellular source of type I interferons (IFNs) with prominent antiviral and antitumor activity [ 77 ]. In an experiment conducted by Blasio et al., they confirmed the phenotype switching of cDC2s into CD14 + DCs in organotypic skin melanoma culture (OMC) composed of keratinocyte-, fibroblast, and melanoma cell-laden decellularized dermis for mimicking the tumor microenvironment It was suggested that DCs are eligible to provide dynamic interactions with melanoma cells in the OMC unit (Fig. 6 ) [ 78 ].

Fig. 6 Immunofluorescence staining of OMC sections showing the presence of green-colored CD45 + cDC2s close to yellow-colored tyrosinase + /SOX10 + melanoma cells and magenta-colored FAP+ fibroblasts ( a ). Blue DAPI was used for nuclear staining ( n = 2). Yellow PKH26 and second harmonic generation (SHG, cyan) images were developed at a wavelength of 950 nm for the detection of cDC2s and collagen bundles, respectively ( b ). Indication of DC amoeboid behavior with potential to move to different parts of OMC ( c ). Time-lapse images related to the cellular dynamics of GFP + melanoma BLM cells. These cells exhibit prominent dynamic activity indicated with dotted lines: protrusion, white arrowhead, and retraction, blue arrow ( d ). Time-lapse of PKH26 + cDC2s interaction with GFP + tumor cells ( e , f ). The dotted white line indicates DCs with the potential to sense and take the yellow dotted line tumor-derived particles ( e ). The interaction of DCs with tumor cell fragments over time ( f ). Tumor cells are indicated with dynamic membrane features and blebbing (Scale bars: 20 μm). Scale bars, 20 μm. Reproduced with permission [ 78 ]. Nature Communications. 2020

Monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) are also developed in response to a proinflammatory stimulus with the capacity to be recruited into the site of inflammation and TME [ 79 ]. As mentioned above, immune cell and non-immune cell EVs play a regulatory role in the immune system [ 80 ]. In addition to anaplasia, EVs are also the main contributors to other pathological processes, such as inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious diseases [ 81 ]. Any changes in the metabolic status of parent cells can be reflected in EVs [ 81 ]. With maturation of DCs, the cellular contents of MHC molecules and co-stimulatory effectors are also altered in EVs [ 82 ]. It was suggested that the activation of mouse bone marrow DCs using LPS or IFN-γ leads to an increase of EV MHC-II, CD86, and ICAM-1 [ 83 , 84 ]. The existence of these molecules can indicate their putative regulatory impact on the immune system. Several proteins, such as DC-specific adhesion molecules (DC-SIGN), MHC-I and II, co-stimulatory factors (CD86, CD80, CD40), integrins, ICAM-1, NK cell-regulatory proteins (TNF-α, and IL-15Rα), tumor antigens, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and microRNAs are abundant in DC EVs [ 59 , 85 ]. To prime T lymphocytes directly, DCs must donate peptide-bound MHC (pMHC)-bearing EVs and deliver to these cells [ 59 ]. The indirect antigen presentation includes immature or mature DC EVs that are uptaken by recipient DCs via direct fusion and/or endocytosis. In the next steps, internalized EVs undergo further processing, and the release of EV components into the recipient DC cytosol leads to the alteration of various signaling pathways [ 86 ]. All of the molecular reactions related to EV entry are associated with ionized calcium contents and the existence of certain molecular components on the EV surface, such as phosphatidylserine (PS) [ 87 ]. Other cell membrane factors, such as milk fat globule (MFG)-E8/lactadherin, LFA-1, or CD11a, ICAM-1, or CD54, exosomal tetraspanins [CD9 and CD81], and CD51/CD61, can foster the internalization of EVs by recipient DCs. With the progression of the antigen-presenting process inside recipient DCs, internalized Exos are directed to the endosomes. After that, donated peptides are loaded onto MHC complexes and return to the surface of these cells to present to T lymphocytes [ 83 ]. It is also possible that DCs can capture the EVs and maintain them on their surface, and then DCs can present peptide-loaded MHC complexes directly to CD4 + and CD8 + T cells [ 88 ]. The activity of cross-dressing bystander DCs can also intensify T lymphocyte reactivity. It is possible that cross-dressing bystander DCs are not exposed directly to the antigens. EV levels of ICAM-1 can increase the presenting properties to T cells via direct interaction with cognate receptors, and the levels of this molecule in EVs are elevated simultaneously by the maturation of DCs [ 89 ]. The activation of the inflammatory response can also be efficient in the reactivity of T cells in response to DC EVs. Commensurate with the statement, LPS-treated human moDCs can produce EVs with the potential to activate bystander T lymphocytes and initiate significant peptide-specific CD8 + T-cell responses when compared to naïve moDCs or co-cultured with inactive bystander T-cells [ 90 ]. Different EVs can contribute to distinct functional effects in T lymphocytes. For example, small- and medium-sized EVs promote phenotype switching toward Th1 cells while in the presence of large-sized EVs, T cells prefer to acquire Th2 cell features [ 91 ]. Interestingly, the levels of CD40 (TNFRSF5) and DC-SIGN (CD209) are higher in small sized EVs compared to medium and large sized EVs, resulting in efficient Th1 phenotype acquisition. Although CD80 is detectable in all EV types but its content is higher in large-sized EVs, facilitating Th2 responses [ 91 ]. Regarding the fact that DC EVs harbor tumor cell antigen to lymphoid tissues to prime T lymphocytes, production of engineered Exos or EVs with a distinct molecular signature, ligands, and antibodies (DEC-205) is helpful in the efficient delivery of DC EVs by recipient DCs and antigen presentation to other immune cell components (Fig. 7 ) [ 92 ].

Fig. 7 Monitoring biodistribution and adverse effects of DC EVs and DCs in in vivo conditions ( A–H ). ExoGlow™-Vivo-labelled DCs and DC EVs were administered into mice via the tail vein, and the distribution rate was followed up using IVIS spectrum ( A ). A representative image of organ distribution was shown in DC-injected animals. The administration of CellTracker™ Green CMFDA-labeled DCs in mice ( B ). PBMCs were isolated at different intervals and stained with Zombie Aqua Dye, and the death rate of Zombie Aqua-positive cells per CMFDA population was calculated using flow cytometry ( n = 3). The administrated Vybrant DiD-labeled DCs and DC EVs were monitored in mice after 6 h in sections of lymph nodes for the detection of B and T cells ( C ; scale bar: 100 μm). Images are related to the spatial distribution of DCs, DC EVs, T, and B lymphocytes in lymph nodes. Monitoring IL-6 and IL-1β levels in mice that received DCs and DC EVs after four weeks using ELISA ( D ). The analysis was performed in triplicate at a wavelength of 450 nm, and data were analyzed using IL-6 and IL-1β. Lungs of mice received DCs and DC EVs were examined four weeks later using H & E staining ( E ; scale bar: 50 μm). Measuring blood histamine, ALT, and AST levels in mice after injection of DCs and DC EVs at different doses compared to the PBS control group ( F – H ; Two-sided Student t-tests; n = 3). Each dot represents data points for individual samples, with group means ± SD denoted by horizontal black lines. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001. CMFDA+++. Reproduced with permission [ 92 ]. Oncogene. 2024

The immunomodulatory capability of DC EVs is further impacted by their components and interactions occurring in the TME. DC-EVs can amplify tumor-antigen-specific immune responses by activating T cells and natural killer cells, and simultaneously, tumor-derived EVs can transmit suppressive signals to inhibit DC function. As such, the use of DC EVs with antigen-presenting abilities is a promising strategy for immunotherapy, including personalized cancer vaccines and other immune-based therapies [ 59 ]. Recent translational studies in cancer immunotherapy have shown that DC EVs containing neoantigens can transdifferentiate monocytes into dendritic-like cells that can activate tumor-specific T lymphocytes, suggesting the use of DC EVs as endogenous vaccine platforms. DC EVs also have advantages over intact DC vaccines in terms of stability, storage, and delivery, suggesting an attractive target for clinical use [ 93 ].

Novel approaches for increasing tumoricidal properties of DC EVs

In recent decades, progress in biotechnological and nanomedicine approaches has led to significant pre-clinical and clinical outcomes in cancer therapy [ 94 – 96 ]. These innovative approaches are eligible modalities to engineer EVs for both passive and active targeting. The active targeting process includes direct ligand-receptor interactions via recognition of specific or overexpressed factors on the surface of tumor cells, leading to improved internalization of target components and poorly soluble drugs with minimal cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, these approaches enable us in the development of effective combination therapies and early-stage cancer diagnosis platforms [ 97 ]. In the nano-engineered systems, the aim is to design nanoscale platforms with high surface-to-volume ratios and drug-releasing behaviors [ 98 , 99 ]. It is thought that these carriers potentiate the enhanced permeability and retention effect to home and penetrate the leaky vascular system of tumors, ensuring that more target compounds reach the tumor niche [ 100 ]. Overall, these strategies represent a transformative strategy for achieving controlled, stable, and less toxic cancer interventions.

Engineered DC EVs

To enhance tumoricidal properties, manipulation of donor cells is an efficient strategy to produce EVs that are rich in distinct miRNAs, cytokines, antigens, or drugs, ensuring the preservation of their contents during transfer to recipient cells and minimizing degradation [ 101 ]. It is also possible that the external surface of DC EVs can be modified to increase their targeting capacity toward certain cell lineages and reduce off-target effects [ 102 ]. In this regard, genetic manipulation and chemical alterations are two main approaches to produce engineered EVs. In an interesting experiment, HEK293T cells were genetically transfected with the Her2-LAMP2 fusion protein-expressing plasmid [ 103 ]. The engineered EVs were loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and miR-21i through electroporation, resulting in a dual-delivery stem platform. This platform was able to circumvent the drug resistance mechanisms and increase the tumoricidal properties of 5-FU in colorectal cancer cells. In another study, serum EVs were concomitantly loaded with transforming growth factor-β receptor I (TGFβRI) kinase inhibitor (SD-208) and TLR-7/8 agonist [Resiquimod (R848)] [ 104 ]. The modified EVs were able to blunt the metastasis of PC-3 and B16F10 cells while increasing the cytokine production from DCs and macrophages. Further analyses revealed appropriate penetration capacity of engineered EVs into the deep layer of spheroids composed of PC-3 cells and fibroblasts. This platform can prohibit the dynamic growth and progression in the B16F10 tumor xenograft animal model. It is thought that these advancements are particularly significant for the biotechnology community, especially for those dedicated to advancing immunotherapy [ 105 ].

In an experiment, bispecific EVs were produced by natively modifying DCs [ 106 ]. To this end, CD19 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) and PD1 were simultaneously incorporated to target tumor antigens and inhibit immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs) [ 107 ]. Based on the obtained data, engineered EVs-PD1-aCD19 were efficiently recruited to huCD19 + solid tumor niche after systemic administration. The activity of immune cells within the tumor niche was regulated via the inhibition of PD-L1. These EVs also targeted circulating tumor cells in the circulation system and thereby prevented the development of pre-metastatic foci in remote tissues (Fig. 8 ). In general, this strategy is a valid platform in cancer immunotherapy with the potential to be applied to several cancer types after sophisticated manipulation for personalized therapy purposes [ 107 ].

Fig. 8 The effect of EVs-PD1-aCD19 on the formation of premetastatic niche in the pulmonary tissue ( A – N ). Schematic illustration of the impact of DC EVs in mice lung metastasis pre-exposed to CT26-huCD19 tumor cell EVs ( A ). Flow cytometry analysis revealed CD8 + /CD3 + and CD4 + /CD3 + T lymphocytes in the lung parenchyma ( B ). The evaluation of immune cell subsets in lung parenchyma ( C-J ). CD3 + T cells ( C ), CD8 + /CD3 + T cells ( D ), CD3 − /CD49b + cells ( E ), Foxp3 + /CD4 + Treg cells ( F ), CD11b + myeloid cells ( G ), GR1 + /CD11b + /CD45 + MDSCs ( H ), CD11b + /Ly6G + granulocytes ( I ), and CD11b + /Ly6C + monocytes ( J ) ( n = 5). Immunofluorescence images confirmed red-colored CD8 T cells and green-colored myeloid cells infiltration into the lung parenchyma ( K ). Nuclei were stained with blue colored DAPI (Scale bar: 50 μm). Monitoring the expression of ANG2, MMP3, MMP10, and VEGF in lung samples using real-time PCR analysis ( L ). Bioluminescence images and calculation of CT26-huCD19 tumor metastatic area in the pulmonary tissue 2 weeks after treatment with tumor cell EVs and DC EVs ( M ; n = 5). Histological examination was done using H & E staining for the detection of metastatic colonies ( N ; n = 3; Scale bar: 50 μm). Data (mean ± SEM) were analyzed using Student’s t-test; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001; ns = non-significant. Reproduced with permission [ 106 ]. Cell Reports. 2023

In this regard, a recent groundbreaking study reported that EVs can be engineered to express single or multiple immunomodulatory proteins, aiding them to modulate immune responses, adjust disease progression, and improve antitumor activity, creating EVs as a hopeful platform for immunotherapy [ 108 ]. As they reported, the engineered 293T EVs could successfully express CD80, PD-L1, and OX40L, retaining their functional ability to deliver both inhibitory and costimulatory signals to human and murine T cells. In preclinical models, these engineered EVs modulated T cell responses, prompting outcomes in both cancer and autoimmune hepatitis. The OX40L EVs combined with anti-CTLA-4 therapy exhibited synergetic antitumor properties in melanoma-bearing mice. Accordingly, the designed multifunctional EV construct (EVmIM) carried CD80, CD40L, 4-1BBL, CD32, and CD2 engaged both APCs and T cells, efficiently eliciting antitumor immune responses and suspending B16-F10 melanoma growth. These findings offer compelling evidence that the engineered EVs can be considered for targeted immune modulation, opening avenues for their use in cancer immunotherapy and immune-related disorders. Another study advanced a red blood cell-derived EV-based dual-delivery system carrying Doxorubicin (ICD inducer) and siIDO1, indicating a synergistic chemo-immunotherapy approach that increases antileukemia immune responses and extends survival in AML models [ 109 ]. Their constructed REVs conjugated with leukemia-targeting peptide P9 and co-loaded with Dox and siIDO1, aiding specific delivery into AML cells with minimal off-target effects. The induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) could release DAMPs that improved tumor immunogenicity. Besides, siIDO1 silencing relieved IDO1-mediated immunosuppression, fostering a more immune-permissive microenvironment. Together, siIDO1-and Dox-mediated effects increased CD8⁺ T cell activation, recruitment, and effector function, while promoting dendritic cell maturation. Moreover, in AML mouse models, REVs-Dox/siIDO1-P9 suggested strong antileukemia immunity and meaningfully prolonged survival compared with single-agent delivery controls. Overall, their developed strategy highlights the translational promise of REV-based chemo-immunotherapy, not only for AML but potentially for other IDO1-driven cancers.

DCs-based cancer immunotherapy with nanomedicine approaches

Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the development of artificial EVs to mimic the natural functions of native DC EVs [ 110 ]. To this end, parameters such as charge, size, shape, and surface properties of nanoparticles (NPs) are crucial for controlling their circulation time, stability, and biodistribution. Of note, NPs smaller than 8 nm are easily filtered out by the activity of renal tissue, while particles larger than 100 nm are more likely to be absorbed by immune cells [ 111 ]. To improve circulation time and evade immune detection, NPs can be modified using a PEGylation step, which decorates NPs with polyethylene glycol. However, this modification can reduce their uptake by tumor cells [ 112 ]. To overcome these limitations, the application of active targeting strategies using tumor-specific ligands to the NP surface can enhance their binding to tumor cells [ 113 ]. Therefore, physicochemical properties of NPs are important in their safety, effectiveness, and delivery to tumors. In cancer immunotherapy, NPs enable us to precisely control drug biodistribution and improve their uptake by immune cells such as DCs, resulting in strong immune responses. Additionally, NPs can induce immune-mediated cell death, target ICPs, and promote anti-tumor immunity [ 114 ]. However, the immunosuppressive TME often hinders effective immune responses. NPs can promote tumoricidal properties by activating immature DCs, boosting co-stimulatory molecules, and enhancing receptor expression [ 115 ]. To maximize therapeutic efficacy, it is essential to optimize the size, shape, charge, and stability of nanocarriers, making stimuli-sensitive, tumor-targeted NPs a promising advancement in cancer immunotherapy [ 116 ]. A recent study presents an innovative EVs-based hybrid nanostructure (EHN) designed to improve targeting and therapeutic effectiveness against colorectal cancer [ 117 ]. This system used folic acid and magnetic NPs (MNPs) coated tumor cell EVs loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) to ensure high biocompatibility and enhance targeting precision. EHN platform induced apoptotic changes and prevented dynamic growth in the xenograft tumor mouse model. MNPs and folic acid promoted the tumoricidal properties of DOX under a magnetic field. Taken together, current EHN showed a significant step forward in drug delivery systems, providing a comprehensive strategy to tackle colorectal cancer. Aside from efficient delivery of engineered EVs to tumor cells, the release of antigens and adjuvants to DCs and other immune cells can influence their maturation and thereby tumoricidal properties [ 118 ]. It is believed that NPs can signify antitumor immunity by improving the uptake of antigens by DCs [ 119 ]. Based on previously conducted experiments, DCs can effectively uptake nanocarriers (X ≤ 0.5 μm) loaded with tumor-associated antigens based on various physical and chemical properties, such as size, shape, surface charge, and hydrophobicity [ 120 ]. Whereas NPs larger than 100 nm are less effective at targeting tumor-draining lymph nodes [ 121 ]. Of note, rod-shaped NPs are appropriately absorbed, and NPs with a positive net charge often accumulate near the nucleus and are easily taken up by macrophages and DCs [ 122 ]. Along with these statements, researchers have developed different NPs designs to improve antigen delivery and enhance the effectiveness of DC-based cancer immunotherapy [ 123 ]. Application of distinct NPs conjugated with specific recognition molecules ensures the precise localization into DCs via targeting several surface receptors [ 124 ]. Using this strategy, it is possible to apply various biomaterials and NPs to improve DC targeting and promote their maturation. For example, precisely designed molecules with targeted functions can be linked to NPs to activate DC-TLRs. In this regard, polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based small interfering RNA nanocomplexes (siRNA-PEI NPs) with potential to activate TLRs were used for regulation of tumor-associated DC activity (Fig. 9 ) [ 125 ]. Linear PEI-based NPs loaded with siRNA were used to blunt tumor-induced immunosuppression in ovarian cancer. These NPs effectively targeted immunosuppressive DCs within TME and accelerated their conversion into active APCs, which further stimulated tumor-reactive T cells. The PEI system was able to activate TLR3, TLR5, and TLR7 pathways [ 125 ]. This modality with multi-faceted activities can guarantee the stimulation of tumor-associated DCs, fostering a robust antitumor immune response. In vivo data in a mouse model revealed significant T cell-mediated tumor regression, increased survival rates, and improved therapeutic outcomes, especially when gene-specific siRNA targeted immunosuppressive factors [ 126 ].

Fig. 9 siRNA-PEI NPs enhanced the survival rate of mice in a T cell–, MyD88-dependent manner ( A – G ). ID8-Defb29/Vegf-A tumor ( A ) or luciferase-expressing ID8 tumor ( B ) bearing mice were injected intraperitoneally with PBS or NTsiRNA-PEI NPs on days 8, 13, 18, 23, and 27 after tumor induction. The survival rate of tumor-bearing mice was followed using two independent experiments ( C ; n = 12). In luciferase-expressing ID8 tumor-bearing mice, PBS or NTsiRNA-PEI NPs were injected, followed by the administration of luciferin 70 days after tumor challenges. Evaluation of tumor burden ( D ). Data showed that the survival rate in tumor-bearing mice treated with NTsiRNA-PEI NPs is closely related to MyD88 signaling axis ( E ). The survival rate of Myd88 +/– and Myd88 –/– mice with ID8-Defb29/Vegf-A tumors was monitored after NP injection. The data originate from two independent experiments ( n = 10). siRNA-PEI NPs exhibited potential to activate tumoricidal properties of T cells ( F ). About 3 × 10 CD3 + T cells were isolated from splenic tissue, received PBS or NTsiRNA-PEI NPs, and transplanted into naive C57BL/6 pre-exposed to 3 Gy irradiation ( n = 5). These mice were challenged with ID8-Defb29/Vegf-A tumor cells, and tumor images were taken after two months. Measuring tumor mass size from panel F ( G ). Statistical significance was shown with * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01 compared to PBS controls, using the log-rank test ( A , B , and E ) or the Mann-Whitney test ( D and G ). Reproduced with permission [ 125 ]. Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2009

Regarding the fact that DC EVs contain functional MHC-peptide complexes, co-stimulatory effectors such as CD80 and CD86 [ 127 ], it is logical to use these particles as vaccines and immunotherapy tools for various cancer types. In several clinical trials, DCs are administered subcutaneously [ 128 ]. The administered DCs may remain at the site of injection or be eliminated before reaching the secondary lymphoid organs [ 129 ]. Li et al. developed a de novo Exo-based nano-vaccine combining DCs with patient-specific neoantigens for tailored cancer immunotherapy [ 61 ]. The developed platform effectively kept immunogenic antigens and improved delivery to lymph nodes over time. The Exo-based nano-vaccine successfully elicited broad-spectrum immune responses, engaging both T-cell and B-cell pathways, while demonstrating excellent biosafety and biocompatibility. Likewise, DC-neoantigen nano-vaccine has indicated significant tumoricidal benefits against B16F10 melanoma and MC-38 colon carcinoma [ 130 ]. This system provided superior antitumor response compared to traditional liposomal vaccines related to exosomal proteins [ 130 ]. Researchers have also developed a CAR T cell therapy-inspired therapeutic platform using antibody-engineered EVs derived from tumor antigen-stimulated DCs (tDC-Exo) to address the limitations of traditional CAR-T cell therapy in treating solid tumors [ 131 ]. To this end, EVs were modified using MHC-antigen complexes and CD86 to effectively stimulate endogenous T cells, while anti-CD3 and anti-EGFR antibodies concomitantly enhanced T cell binding to tumor cells. Interestingly, the combination of this approach with anti-PD-L1 therapy further improved efficacy by countering immune suppression [ 131 ]. Recent research has increasingly focused on the creation of artificial EVs, including engineered and biomimetic vesicles using nanobiotechnology [ 132 ]. Unlike their natural counterparts, synthetic EVs offer enhanced pharmaceutical compatibility. This improvement is largely due to their ability to address several limitations associated with natural EVs, along with the establishment of more consistent production methods. As a result, artificial EVs present a promising alternative for various therapeutic applications, making them a vital area of study in the quest for advanced drug delivery systems [ 133 ]. One type of synthetic EVs is engineered by coating liposomes with an optimized combination of MHC (I)-peptide complexes, complemented by a carefully selected array of ligands [ 134 ]. These ligands are tailored to support key stages of T-cell activation, including adhesion, early and late activation, and survival, effectively simulating the behavior of natural DC-derived EVs. A significant advantage of these artificial EVs is their traceability, as they can be monitored both in vitro and in vivo using magnetic and fluorescent resonance imaging methods [ 135 ]. Additionally, they can interact semi-directly with natural APCs, facilitating the expansion of T cells in an ex vivo setting. This innovative approach combines the precision of nanotechnology with the biological functionality of natural immune processes, offering a promising tool for immunotherapy and immune system modulation. The development of these EVs for expanding functional antigen-specific T cells marks a groundbreaking advancement with significant clinical potential, particularly in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. These engineered EVs mimic natural immune processes, enabling precise modulation of T-cell responses. Similarly, tumor-derived EVs have emerged as a powerful tool in cancer immunotherapy due to their unique ability to present multiple antigens simultaneously, making them ideal candidates for cancer vaccines [ 136 ]. By leveraging the properties of both artificial and tumor-derived EVs, researchers can enhance immune system activation, opening new therapeutic pathways for combating autoimmune disorders and improving cancer treatment outcomes [ 137 ]. This dual approach underscores the versatility of EV-based strategies in revolutionizing immunotherapy.

Limitations related to the application of DC EVs in the clinical setting

While the application of DC EVs provides such stability and a lack of prominent side effects, easy to store compared to parent DC-based therapies [ 138 ]. Emerging data have shown that EVs, especially Exos, can use different internalization mechanisms into the target cells and cross the biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier via paracellular and transcellular pathways [ 139 – 141 ]. Besides, the existence of tetraspanins and LAMP2 at the surface of EVs facilitates their uptake by different cells, leading to reduced target delivery into the tumor cells [ 142 ]. Finding appropriate doses for obtaining optimal immunogenicity, high lymphoid tissue targeting should be determined [ 143 ]. In some circumstances, manipulation of DC EVs is mandatory to yield a better immune system response. In this regard, Chen and co-workers used engineered DC EVs for improving the tumoricidal properties of Th1 cells and the reduction of CTL exhaustion by developing IL-12 and anti-CTLA‐4 antibody-loaded DC EVs [ 144 ]. Notably, it seems that the decoration or load of single or various antigens on DC EVs is not fully effective in cancer therapy due to the possibility of antigen (s) downregulation or mutation [ 143 ]. Besides, the emergence of heterogeneous tumor populations in individuals allows us to produce limited subclones [ 143 ]. Various conventional modalities, certain tumor types, and the existence of heterogeneous EV subsets can yield different loading efficiencies [ 145 , 146 ]. EV integrins can increase the direct interaction with cognate vascular cell receptors such as CXCR4 and VEGFR2, leading to trapping in tissues with a bulk vascular network (i.e., pulmonary and hepatic tissues) [ 147 ]. These features can lead to reduced delivery efficiency of naïve and even engineered DC EVs. In this regard, the correct administration route should also be defined to guarantee tumor cell antigens release into the immune system effectors or lymphoid tissues before degradation or elimination from the body. Of course, it should not be forgotten that the isolation and expansion of parent DCs for large-scale production of DC EVs for therapeutic purposes. As a common belief, the number of primary DCs and/or monocytes in the biological samples, heterogeneity, and the possibility of cell injury using isolation methods are the main hurdles in the preparation of DCs for human regenerative medicine [ 148 ]. The lack of standard EV isolation and purification protocols and clinical GMP guidelines for large-scale production is problematic for the translation of different cell EVs into human medicine [ 149 , 150 ]. The big challenges may relate to the fact that allogenic DC EVs cannot stimulate the naïve or memory T cells unless they express EV MHC molecules to recipient APCs [ 151 ]. Regarding the fact that the metabolic status of parent cells changes the cargo type, therefore culture system and putative heterogeneity can alter the molecular signature and therapeutic properties of DC EVs, leading to batch-to-batch variability [ 149 ]. The possibility of infection transmission using DC EVs should not be neglected. For example, it was suggested that some DC types, such as pDCs, cDCs, and LCs, are susceptible to certain viral infections such as HIV [ 152 ]. This is very critical when we know that some viruses can hijack the endosomal machinery for expansion and transmission due to inherent similarities between Exo biogenesis and replication of different viruses [ 153 ]. Attempts should be focused on prohibiting the internalized EVs from lysosomal degradation and elimination inside the target immune cells.

Clinical trials in cancer patients using DC or APC-based therapies

Emerging data have indicated the application of DCs alone or in combination with other compounds to prevent the progression of tumor cells and alleviate pathological conditions in cancer patients. By October 7, 2025, the public clinical trial database https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=Cancer&intr=Dendritic%20cell using “Dendritic cell” and “Cancer” revealed several clinical trials at different steps using DCs, stem cells, or other cells and compounds to increase the function of host recipient individuals for the therapy of cancers (Table 1 ). Based on the presented data, one can hypothesize that DCs or other cellular or chemical compounds targeting the human host APC system can be a useful platform for the alleviation of pathological conditions in individuals bearing the tumor cells.

Table 1 Recent DC- or APC-based cancer clinical trials based on data from ClinicalTrials.gov NCT Number Study title Study status Conditions Interventions NCT05270720 Dendritic Cell Vaccination with Standard Postoperative Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Adult Ovarian Cancer UNKNOWN Recurrent Ovarian Cancer BIOLOGICAL: dendritic cell NCT00125749 Vaccination of Patients with Stage IV Melanoma with Dendritic Cells COMPLETED Melanoma, Neoplasm Metastasis BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cell vaccination NCT00626483 Basiliximab in Treating Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme Undergoing Targeted Immunotherapy and Temozolomide-Caused Lymphopenia COMPLETED Malignant Neoplasms Brain BIOLOGICAL: RNA-loaded dendritic cell vaccine, DRUG: basiliximab NCT00700167 Immune Responses to Antigen-Bearing Dendritic Cells in Patients with Malignancy COMPLETED Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: dendritic cell vaccine NCT01734564 Phase II Study with Hiltonol and Dendritic Cells in Solid Tumors COMPLETED Neoplasms INTERVENTIONAL NCT02882659 Dendritic Killer Cell-based Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors UNKNOWN Colorectal Neoplasms, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Neoplasm Metastasis BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Killer Cell (DKC) NCT01413295 Randomized Trial with Dendritic Cells in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer COMPLETED Colorectal Neoplasms INTERVENTIONAL NCT03450044 Immunogenicity and Safety of DCs in Breast Cancer COMPLETED Breast Cancer Female BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cells NCT01897207 Phase I/II Study of Vaccination with Antigen-Loaded Dendritic Cells (DCs) in Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Cancer of the Prostate INTERVENTIONAL NCT00576537 Tumor Lysate Pulsed Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for Patients with Brain Tumors COMPLETED Glioblastoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT01883518 Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma UNKNOWN Sarcoma, Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue INTERVENTIONAL NCT00879489 Cellular Immunotherapy Study with Autologous Dendritic Cells Loaded with Oncofetal Antigen LRP in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer UNKNOWN Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Vaccination NCT01197625 Vaccine Therapy in Curative Resected Prostate Cancer Patients UNKNOWN Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT05809752 A First in Human Dose Escalation of Dendritic Cell Vaccine (DCV) RECRUITING Leptomeningeal Disease, Triple Negative Breast Cancer, HER2-positive Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Vaccine NCT05767684 Neoantigen Derived DCs as Cancer Treatment RECRUITING Refractory Tumor Solid Tumor BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Vaccine DRUG: Lenvatinib DRUG: Nivolumab NCT03113019 Autologous Antigen-activated Dendritic Cells in the Treatment of Patients with Breast Cancer UNKNOWN Breast Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01171729 Autologous Dendritic Cell Therapy for Hormone-Refractory Metastatic Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostatic Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Autologous dendritic cell NCT00893945 Autologous Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Autologous Apoptotic Tumor Cells Administered to Patients with Brain Tumors COMPLETED Brain Tumors DRUG: DC/AAT, DRUG: DC/AAT-Flu, DRUG: DC/KLH NCT01171469 Vaccination With Dendritic Cells Loaded with Brain Tumor Stem Cells for Progressive Malignant Brain Tumor COMPLETED Brain Tumor, Glioblastoma, Medulloblastoma, Ependymoma, Anaplastic Astrocytoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT01446731 Dendritic Cell Vaccination and Docetaxel for Patients with Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostatic Neoplasms INTERVENTIONAL NCT00795977 Preoperative Intratumor Dendritic Cells Injection Immunotherapy for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer UNKNOWN Pancreatic Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01676779 mRNA Electroporated Autologous Dendritic Cells for Stage III/IV Melanoma COMPLETED Malignant Melanoma Stage III, Malignant Melanoma Stage IV BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cell therapy NCT02771301 Safety and Efficacy of IDH1R132H-DC Vaccine in Gliomas UNKNOWN Glioma BIOLOGICAL: dendritic cells NCT05504707 DecipHER Trial - DC1 Tx for Early-Stage TNBC and ER Low Positive Breast Cancer RECRUITING Triple Negative Breast Cancer, HER2-negative Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: HER2 - primed Dendritic cells BIOLOGICAL: HER3 - primed Dendritic cells NCT00715832 A Phase I Cancer Vaccine Study for Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer UNKNOWN Metastatic Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Vaccination NCT01291420 Dendritic Cell Vaccination for Patients with Solid Tumors COMPLETED Glioblastoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Sarcomas, Breast Cancers, Malignant Mesothelioma, Colorectal Tumors INTERVENTIONAL NCT01431196 Trial With Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Patients with Stage II-III HER2 Negative Breast Cancer COMPLETED Stage II Breast Cancer Stage III Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Autologous dendritic cell vaccination NCT01530698 Single-step Antigen Loading and TLR Activation of Dendritic Cells in Melanoma Patients COMPLETED Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00043212 Study of a Drug [DCVax (tm)-Prostate] to Treat Prostate Cancer When Hormone Therapy is no Longer Effective. WITHDRAWN Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT04105582 Breast Cancer Neoantigen Vaccination with Autologous Dendritic Cells COMPLETED Breast Cancer Triple Negative Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Neo-antigen pulsed Dendritic cell NCT06193733 Dendritic Cell Vaccination to Prevent Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence After Liver Resection-phase II Clinical Trial NOT_YET_RECRUITING Hepatocellular Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00639639 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme COMPLETED Malignant Neoplasms of the Brain BIOLOGICAL: tetanus toxoid BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous lymphocytes NCT00390338 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Stage III or Stage IV Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: polarized dendritic cells BIOLOGICAL: non-polarized dendritic cells NCT02840123 Safety Study of DIPG Treatment with Autologous Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Lysated Allogeneic Tumor Lines UNKNOWN Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma BIOLOGICAL: Autologous dendritic cells NCT04879888 Personalized Vaccine for Cancer Immunotherapy COMPLETED Breast Cancer Female BIOLOGICAL: Peptide-pulsed Dendritic cell NCT00492947 Dendritic Cell Vaccine for Head and Neck Cancer WITHDRAWN Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck INTERVENTIONAL NCT01944709 Phase I/II Study of Vaccination with Antigen-Loaded Dendritic Cells (DCs) in Patients with Inoperable Stage III and Stage IV Melanoma TERMINATED Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT03300843 Ability of a Dendritic Cell Vaccine to Immunize Melanoma or Epithelial Cancer Patients Against Defined Mutated Neoantigens Expressed by the Autologous Cancer TERMINATED Melanoma, Gastrointestinal Cancer, Breast Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT04523688 Vaccination With Autologous Dendritic Cells Loaded with Autologous Tumor Homogenate in Glioblastoma RECRUITING Glioblastoma Vaccination INTERVENTIONAL NCT00185874 Phase I Intertumoral Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy in Thermally Ablated Liver Metastases TERMINATED Liver Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Intertumoral Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy BIOLOGICAL: autologous dendritic cells NCT04801147 Immunotherapy With Autologous Tumor Lysate-Loaded Dendritic Cells in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme RECRUITING Glioblastoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02107404 Phase II Study of DCVAC/PCa Added After Radical Primary Prostatectomy for Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT04002804 Immunotherapy With Autologous Tumor Lysate-Loaded Dendritic Cells in Patients with Recurrence of Glioblastoma Multiforme TERMINATED Glioblastoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02137746 Study to Allow for Second Treatment Cycle of DCVAC in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02718391 Complementary Vaccination with Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Autologous Tumor Lysate in Resected Stage III and IV Melanoma Patients. TERMINATED Malignant Melanoma Adjuvant Drug Therapy Vaccine Therapy INTERVENTIONAL NCT03214939 Autologous Antigen-activated Dendritic Cells in the Treatment of Patients with Colorectal Cancer UNKNOWN Colorectal Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT06435351 Personalized Dendritic Cell Vaccine Pilot for High Risk TNBC After Neoadjuvant Therapy RECRUITING Breast Cancer Triple Negative Breast Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT03114631 Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer COMPLETED Dendritic Cells Pancreatic Neoplasms BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cells pulsed with tumor lysate BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cells pulsed with MUC-1/WT-1 peptides NCT00576446 Surgical Resection with Gliadel Wafer Followed by Dendritic Cells Vaccination for Malignant Glioma Patients COMPLETED Malignant Glioma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00476177 Donor Dendritic Cells and Donor Lymphocytes in Patients With Relapsed Hematologic Malignancies After Allogeneic Transplant COMPLETED Hematologic Malignancy BIOLOGICAL: Infusion of donor dendritic cells, BIOLOGICAL: Infusion of donor lymphocytes NCT00154713 Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancers Using CEA-Pulsed Dendritic Cells and Subsequent IL-2 Treatment UNKNOWN Colorectal Cancer BIOLOGICAL: CEA pulsed dendritic cells NCT04335890 IKKb-matured, RNA-loaded Dendritic Cells for Metastasized Uveal Melanoma UNKNOWN Melanoma, Uveal Metastatic INTERVENTIONAL NCT04388033 Clinical Study of a Dendritic and Glioma Cells Fusion Vaccine With IL-12 for Treatment -naïve GBM Patients. UNKNOWN Glioblastoma Glioma Neoplasms, Neuroepithelia, Neuroectodermal Tumors Neoplasms, Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue Vaccines Immunologic Factors BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell/Tumor Fusion Vaccine, DRUG: Interleukin-12, DRUG: Temozolomide NCT00937183 Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Treating Patients with Indolent B-Cell Lymphoma or Multiple Myeloma COMPLETED Lymphoma, Multiple Myeloma, and Plasma Cell Neoplasm INTERVENTIONAL NCT01348256 Study With Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy in Resected Hepatic Metastasis of Colorectal Carcinoma UNKNOWN Colorectal Carcinoma Hepatic Metastasis DRUG: Dendritic cells vaccine NCT00940004 Toll-like Receptor (TLR) Ligand-Matured Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Melanoma Patients COMPLETED Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02063724 HER-2 Pulsed DC Vaccine to Prevent Recurrence of Invasive Breast Cancer COMPLETED Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: HER-2 pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine NCT00228189 Carcinoembryonic Antigen-loaded Dendritic Cells in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Patients COMPLETED Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases INTERVENTIONAL NCT04552886 Dendritic Cell Vaccination with Standard Postoperative Chemoradiation for the Treatment of Adult Glioblastoma COMPLETED Glioblastoma BIOLOGICAL: TH-1 Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy NCT01278914 Trial of Vaccine Therapy With mRNA-Transfected Dendritic Cells in Patients with Androgen-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01006044 Efficacy & Safety of Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Glioblastoma Multiforme After Complete Surgical Resection COMPLETED Glioblastoma Multiforme INTERVENTIONAL NCT02649829 Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Mesothelioma COMPLETED Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma BIOLOGICAL: dendritic cell vaccination plus chemotherapy NCT00243529 Peptide-pulsed vs. RNA-transfected Dendritic Cell Vaccines in Melanoma Patients COMPLETED Melanoma Stage III or IV BIOLOGICAL: autologous dendritic cell vaccine NCT00103116 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Stage I, Stage II, or Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer COMPLETED Lung Cancer BIOLOGICAL: autologous dendritic cell cancer vaccine NCT00108264 Tumor RNA Transfected Dendritic Cell Vaccines COMPLETED Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02061423 HER-2 Pulsed DC Vaccine to Prevent Recurrence of Invasive Breast Cancer Post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy COMPLETED Breast Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT05261750 Autologous Dendritic Cells and Allogenic Dendritic Secretome for Patients with Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancer UNKNOWN Nasopharyngeal Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT00847106 Augmentation of Dendritic Cell-Based Vaccines in Melanoma Patients by Depletion of Regulatory T Cells in Stage IV Melanoma Patients COMPLETED Melanoma DRUG: Daclizumab BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cells NCT00323115 Phase II Feasibility Study of Dendritic Cell Vaccination for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme COMPLETED Glioblastoma Multiforme INTERVENTIONAL NCT00753220 Safety Study of Autologous Dendritic Cells Injected into the Prostate After Cryoablation for Advanced Prostate Cancer TERMINATED Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: VDC2008, DRUG: Cyclophosphamide NCT00458653 Vaccination With Dendritic Cell/Tumor Fusions with Autologous Stem Cell Transplants in Patients with Multiple Myeloma COMPLETED Multiple Myeloma BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Tumor Fusion NCT04912765 Neoantigen Dendritic Cell Vaccine and Nivolumab in HCC and Liver Metastases From CRC RECRUITING Hepatocellular Carcinoma Hepatocellular Cancer Colorectal Cancer Colorectal Carcinoma Liver Metastases BIOLOGICAL: Neoantigen Dendritic Cell Vaccine DRUG: Nivolumab NCT00868114 Direct Tumor Injection KLH-Pulsed Dendritic Cells in Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer TERMINATED Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer BIOLOGICAL: KLH-pulsed autologous dendritic cell vaccine NCT02105675 Phase II Study of DCVAC/PCa Added to Standard Chemotherapy for Men with Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer Metastatic INTERVENTIONAL NCT06946615 Exploratory Clinical Study of Claudin18.2-Targeted CAR-DC and CAR-T Therapy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer RECRUITING Colorectal Neoplasia INTERVENTIONAL NCT00459069 The Use of Dendritic Cell/Tumor Fusions as a Novel Tumor Vaccine in Patients with Multiple Myeloma COMPLETED Multiple Myeloma BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Tumor Fusion Vaccine NCT00345293 Dendritic Cell Vaccine Study (DC/PC3) for Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: autologous dendritic cell vaccine (DC/PC3) NCT03185429 TSA-DC Vaccine in Treating Patients with Gastrointestinal Solid Tumors UNKNOWN Tumor Gastric Tumor, Colorectal BIOLOGICAL: Tumor Specific Antigen-loaded Dendritic Cells, DRUG: Cyclophosphamide NCT03282617 Dendritic Cell Therapy with CD137L-DC-EBV-VAX in Locally Advanced Stage IV or Locally Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma UNKNOWN Nasopharyngeal Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT00610389 Phase II Study with Immunotherapy with Dendritic Cells and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Solid Tumors UNKNOWN Renal Cell Carcinoma, Melanoma Carcinoma, Hepatocellular Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00038870 Therapy of Relapsed AML With Chemotherapy and Dendritic Cell-Activated Lymphocytes WITHDRAWN Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Activated Lymphocyte NCT07163403 First in Human Pilot Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Dendritic Cells Loaded with Frameshift Derived Neo peptides for the Prevention of Cancer in Lynch Syndrome Carriers. NOT_YET_RECRUITING Lynch Syndrome INTERVENTIONAL NCT00622401 Vaccination of Patients with Breast Cancer with Dendritic Cell/Tumor Fusions and IL-12 TERMINATED Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell/Tumor Fusion Vaccine DRUG: Interleukin-12, DRUG: Interleukin-12 NCT05773859 NEO adjuvant Dendritic Cell Vaccination for Ovarian Cancer RECRUITING Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Ovarian Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT06749925 Clinical Trial Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma NOT_YET_RECRUITING Glioblastoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02061332 DC Vaccine for Patients with Ductal Carcinoma in Situ COMPLETED Breast Cancer, DCIS INTERVENTIONAL NCT04212377 Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy of Metastatic Endometrial Cancer Patients COMPLETED Endometrial Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cells for endometrial cancer NCT00010127 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer TERMINATED Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells NCT00514189 Feasibility Study of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia mRNA Plus Lysate-Loaded Dendritic Cell Vaccines TERMINATED Leukemia BIOLOGICAL: Autologous Dendritic Cells NCT01334047 Trial of Vaccine Therapy in Recurrent Platinum-Sensitive Ovarian Cancer Patients TERMINATED Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer BIOLOGICAL: DC-006 vaccine NCT02423928 Phase I Clinical Trial of Cryoimmunotherapy Against Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cell-based cryo immunotherapy DRUG: Cyclophosphamide DRUG: ipilimumab NCT01456104 Immune Responses to Autologous Langerhans-type Dendritic Cells Electroporated With mRNA Encoding a Tumor-associated Antigen in Patients with Malignancy: A Single-arm Phase I Trial in Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: Langerhans-type dendritic cells (a.k.a. Langerhans cells or LCs) NCT01826877 Autologous Dendritic Cells in Treating Patients with Metastatic Kidney Cancer COMPLETED Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma, Recurrent Renal Cell Cancer, Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer BIOLOGICAL: AdGMCAIX-transduced autologous dendritic cells BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells OTHER: laboratory biomarker analysis NCT00970203 Dendritic Cell (DC)-Based Vaccines Loaded with Allogeneic Prostate Cell Lines in Combination With Androgen Ablation in Patients With Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Cancer of the Prostate Cancer of the Prostate, Neoplasms, Prostate Neoplasms, Prostatic Prostate Cancer Prostate Neoplasms Prostatic Cancer BIOLOGICAL: androgen ablation (AA), BIOLOGICAL: DC1 vaccine NCT00846456 Safe Study of Dendritic Cell (DC) Based Therapy Targeting Tumor Stem Cells in Glioblastoma COMPLETED Glioblastoma Brain Tumor INTERVENTIONAL NCT00683670 Dendritic Cells (White Blood Cells) Vaccination for Advanced Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT06195618 Personalized Vaccine for TNBC Immunotherapy NOT_YET_RECRUITING Breast Cancer Female BIOLOGICAL: Peptide (neoantigen) pulsed autologous Dendritic cell NCT04476641 A Study of DC-CIK Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Solid Tumors UNKNOWN Liver Cancer, Kidney Cancer, Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Lung Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Breast Cancer OTHER: CELL NCT05964361 First-in-human Interleukin-15-transpresenting Wilms’ Tumor Protein 1-targeting Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Cancer Patients ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Esophageal Cancer Pancreas Cancer Ovarian Cancer Liver Cancer BIOLOGICAL: IL15-transpresenting WT1-targeted Dendritic Cell Vaccine NCT00405327 A Pilot Study of Tumor Cell Vaccine for High-risk Solid Tumor Patients Following Stem Cell Transplantation COMPLETED Sarcoma Neuroblastoma Wilm’s Tumor INTERVENTIONAL NCT01902771 Dendritic Cell Vaccine Therapy with In Situ Maturation in Pediatric Brain Tumors TERMINATED Glioma Brain Cancer, Brain Tumor Glioblastoma Multiform, High-Grade Glioma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00243594 Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Melanoma Patients Scheduled for Regional Lymph Node Dissection COMPLETED Melanoma Stage III or IV BIOLOGICAL: Peptide-pulsed dendritic cells NCT01782287 Proteome-based Immunotherapy of Lung Cancer Brain Metastases UNKNOWN Neoplasm Metastasis BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic vaccine, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic vaccine, autologous hematopoietic stem cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes NCT01782274 Proteome-based Immunotherapy of Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer UNKNOWN Neoplasm Metastasis BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic vaccine, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic vaccine, autologous hematopoietic stem cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes NCT04348747 Dendritic Cell Vaccines Against Her2/Her3 and Pembrolizumab for the Treatment of Brain Metastasis from Triple Negative Breast Cancer or HER2 + Breast Cancer RECRUITING Anatomic Stage IV Breast Cancer, AJCC v8, Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Brain, Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma Prognostic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v8 BIOLOGICAL: Anti-HER2/HER3 Dendritic Cell Vaccine BIOLOGICAL: Pembrolizumab NCT00006434 Tumor Lysate Pulsed-Dendritic Cell Vaccines After High-Dose Chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma COMPLETED Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin INTERVENTIONAL NCT04184232 Treatment of Recurrent Bladder Cancer with Dendritic Cells COMPLETED Bladder Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cells OTHER: Standard treatment according to the Clinical protocols NCT06522919 Sequential Immunochemotherapy Treatment with Pembrolizumab Plus Dendritic Cell (DC) Vaccine Followed by Trifluridine/Tipiracil Plus Bevacizumab in Refractory Mismatch-repair-proficient (pMMR) or Microsatellite-stable (MSS) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer RECRUITING Colorectal Cancer Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma Refractory Mismatch-repair-proficient (pMMR) Metastatic Colorectal Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT05378464 Adoptive T Cell Therapy Following HER2-Pulsed Dendritic Cell Vaccine & Pepinemab /Trastuzumab in Patients with/ Metastatic HER2 + Breast Cancer RECRUITING HER2-positive Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell (DC1) Vaccine DRUG: Trastuzumab DRUG: Pepinemab BIOLOGICAL: T-Cell therapy NCT00948480 Vaccine Biotherapy of Cancer: Autologous Tumor Cells and Dendritic Cells COMPLETED Metastatic Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT04292769 Clinical Study of DC-CIK Cells as a Post-remission Treatment for Malignant Tumors UNKNOWN Malignant Neoplasm INTERVENTIONAL NCT06524063 Targeted Survivin DC Cell Injection for the Treatment of GBM NOT_YET_RECRUITING Glioblastoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02107430 Phase II Study of DCVAC/PCa After Primary Radiotherapy for Patients with High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02224599 Cyclophosphamide, TAPA-Pulsed Dendritic Cell Therapy and Imiquimod in Progressive and/or Refractory Solid Malignancies TERMINATED Progressive Solid Malignancies, Refractory Solid Malignancies Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT03548571 Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy Against Cancer Stem Cells in Glioblastoma Patients Receiving Standard Therapy RECRUITING Glioblastoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00972309 A Pilot Study of Vaccination with Epitope-Enhanced TARP Peptide and TARP Peptide-Pulsed Dendritic Cells in the Treatment of Stage D0 Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Specific Antigens Prostate Neoplasms INTERVENTIONAL NCT00082641 Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Chemotherapy, Vaccine & Adjuvant Radiation Therapy in p53-Overexpressing Stage III Breast Cancer COMPLETED Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: autologous dendritic cell-adenovirus p53 vaccine NCT02669719 Cellular Immunotherapy Synergizes Chemotherapy in Patients with Stage IV NSCLC UNKNOWN Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer BIOLOGICAL: chemotherapy followed by dendritic cells DRUG: pemetrexed and carboplatin NCT01875653 Autologous Dendritic Cell-Tumor Cell Immunotherapy for Metastatic Melanoma TERMINATED Stage IV Melanoma Stage III Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00004211 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: PSA RNA-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine NCT03406715 Combination Immunotherapy-Ipilimumab-Nivolumab-Dendritic Cell p53 Vac - Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) TERMINATED Small Cell Lung Cancer Lung Cancer Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer DRUG: Nivolumab DRUG: Ipilimumab BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell-based p53 Vaccine NCT00197925 Dendritic Cell-Based Therapy of Metastatic Breast Cancer TERMINATED Metastatic Breast Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT04911621 Adjuvant Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for Pediatric Patients with High-grade Glioma or Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING High Grade Glioma, Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cell vaccination + temozolomide-based chemoradiation, BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cell vaccination +- conventional next-line treatment NCT03152565 Avelumab Plus Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Pre-treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients COMPLETED Colorectal Carcinoma DRUG: Avelumab NCT00929019 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Transfected Dendritic Cell Vaccination in High-Risk Uveal Melanoma Patients TERMINATED Uveal Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: autologous dendritic cells electroporated with mRNA NCT00935597 Host Dendritic Cells in Allograft Patients UNKNOWN Relapsed Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Hodgkin’s Disease, Multiple Myeloma, Chronic Lymphocytic Lymphoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT03905902 DCVAC/OvCa and Standard of Care (SoC) in Relapsed Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma WITHDRAWN Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, Peritoneal Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: DCVAC/OvCa BIOLOGICAL: DCVAC/OvCa placebo NCT03546426 Pembrolizumab Plus Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Patients with PD-L1 Negative Advanced Mesothelioma Who Have Failed Prior Therapies ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Mesothelioma, Malignant, PD-L1 Negative, Advanced Cancer, Progressive Disease INTERVENTIONAL NCT00039325 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Stage IV or Recurrent Malignant Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: dendritic cell-MART-1 peptide vaccine NCT00799110 Vaccination of Patients with Ovarian Cancer with Dendritic Cell/Tumor Fusions with Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) and Imiquimod ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Ovarian Cancer Primary Peritoneal Cancer Fallopian Tube Cancer DRUG: GM-CSF, BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell/Tumor Fusion Vaccine DRUG: imiquimod NCT00852007 A Study Evaluating Vaccination of Prostate Cancer Patients with Self-Dendritic Cells Expressing MUC1 COMPLETED Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: DC-Tn-MUC1: autologous dendritic cells expressing Tn-MUC1 NCT00798629 Adenovirus CCL-21 Transduced MART-1/gp100/Tyrosinase/NY-ESO-1 Peptide-Pulsed Dendritic Cells Matured COMPLETED Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: Autologous dendritic cell-adenovirus CCL21 vaccine NCT05430971 Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) International Registry RECRUITING NCT00843830 A Pilot Study Assessing Intra-Metastasis Administration of Autologous KLH-pulsed Dendritic Cells with Tumoral Radiation Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Carcinoma TERMINATED Metastatic Pancreatic Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00197912 Dendritic Cell-Based Therapy of Malignant Melanoma COMPLETED Advanced Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT03291444 CAR-T Cells Combined with Peptide-Specific Dendritic Cell in Relapsed/Refractory Leukemia/MDS RECRUITING Leukemia, Acute Lymphocytic (ALL), Leukemia, Acute Myelogenous (AML), Myelodysplastic Syndromes BIOLOGICAL: Chimeric antigen receptor T cells BIOLOGICAL: peptide-specific dendritic cell NCT00088985 Vaccine Therapy, Trastuzumab, and Vinorelbine in Treating Women with Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer TERMINATED Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells BIOLOGICAL: trastuzumab DRUG: vinorelbine ditartrate NCT00005816 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Stage III or Stage IV Kidney Cancer COMPLETED Kidney Cancer BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells PROCEDURE: conventional surgery NCT05518032 Pembrolizumab and Autologous Dendritic Cells for the Treatment of Refractory Colorectal Cancer (CRC) WITHDRAWN Metastatic Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Carcinoma, Recurrent Colorectal Carcinoma, Stage III Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8, Stage IV Colorectal Cancer AJCC v8, Unresectable Colorectal Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT03387553 HER2 Directed Dendritic Cell Vaccine During Neoadjuvant Therapy of HER2 + Breast Cancer ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Breast Cancer, Breast Cancer Female Breast Cancer, Male Invasive Breast Cancer, HER2-positive Breast Cancer, HER2 Positive Breast Carcinoma Stage II Breast Cancer Stage III Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Vaccine (DC1), DRUG: Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy, PROCEDURE: Curative Surgery NCT00814892 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Non-Metastatic Prostate Cancer TERMINATED Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: allogeneic tumor cell vaccine BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells NCT06036355 The Exploratory Study on the Biological Function of Dendritic Cells In Vivo Supported by Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (Vital NAD) UNKNOWN Postoperative Prevention of Tumor INTERVENTIONAL NCT00965224 Efficacy of Dendritic Cell Therapy for Myeloid Leukemia and Myeloma COMPLETED Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Multiple Myeloma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00197860 Dendritic Cell-Based Therapy of Renal Cell Carcinoma COMPLETED Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT01410968 A Feasibility and Safety Study of Vaccination with Poly-ICLC and Peptide-pulsed Dendritic Cells in Patients with Metastatic, Locally Advanced, Unresectable, or Recurrent Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma COMPLETED Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer DRUG: vacc. w/ Poly-ICLC & peptide-pulsed dendritic cells NCT02919644 Vaccination with Autologous Dendritic Cells Loaded with Autologous Tumor Homogenate After Curative Resection for Stage IV Colorectal Cancer. RECRUITING Stage IV Colorectal Cancer Curative Resection INTERVENTIONAL NCT00266110 Vaccine Therapy, Trastuzumab, and Vinorelbine in Treating Patients with Locally Recurrent or Metastatic Breast Cancer COMPLETED Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: sargramostim BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells BIOLOGICAL: trastuzumab DRUG: vinorelbine ditartrate NCT01839539 Study of DC-CIK to Treat Colorectal Cancer UNKNOWN Colorectal Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT05955157 Combined S-1 With DC + CIK As Maintenance Therapy for Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma UNKNOWN Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Advanced Solid Tumor INTERVENTIONAL NCT01067287 Blockade of PD-1 in Conjunction with the Dendritic Cell/Myeloma Vaccines Following Stem Cell Transplantation ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Multiple Myeloma DRUG: CT-011, BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Fusion Vaccine NCT03974971 Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm in Korean Population. COMPLETED NCT00612001 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Malignant Glioma COMPLETED Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors BIOLOGICAL: glioma-associated antigen peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cell vaccine NCT00280982 Dendritic Cell-based Immunotherapy in Mesothelioma COMPLETED Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00048100 Anti-Leukemic Dendritic Cell Activated Donor Lymphocytes TERMINATED Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute PROCEDURE: Apheresis BIOLOGICAL: Stem Cell Transplant NCT03410732 Dendritic Cell-based Immunotherapy in the Treatment Gastric Cancer UNKNOWN Gastric Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01146262 Vaccination by Leukemic Apoptotic Corpse Autologous Pulsed Dendritic Cells for Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) Patients in First or Second Complete Remission (CR)(CD laM) UNKNOWN Acute Myelogenous Leukemia INTERVENTIONAL NCT01574222 A Vaccine Trial for Patients with Stage IIIB, IV, or Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer TERMINATED Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) BIOLOGICAL: autologous dendritic cell adenovirus CCL21 vaccine NCT02661685 Safety Study of Adoptive Transfer of Autologous IKDC-like Cells COMPLETED Neoplasm Metastasis BIOLOGICAL: autologous IKDC-like cells NCT01808820 Dendritic Cell (DC) Vaccine for Malignant Glioma and Glioblastoma COMPLETED Malignant Glioma Glioblastoma Multiforme Anaplastic Astrocytoma High Grade Glioma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00103142 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Liver or Lung Metastases from Colorectal Cancer COMPLETED Colorectal Cancer Metastatic Cancer BIOLOGICAL: falimarev BIOLOGICAL: inalimarev, BIOLOGICAL: sargramostim BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells NCT01278940 Trial of Vaccine Therapy With mRNA-Transfected Dendritic Cells in Patients with Advanced Malignant Melanoma COMPLETED Malignant Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00722098 Comparison Study of Dendritic Cell Vaccine with and Without Cyclophosphamide to Treat Stage IV Melanoma Patients TERMINATED Malignant Melanoma Stage IV INTERVENTIONAL NCT00834002 Dendritic Cell Vaccination for Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission COMPLETED Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) INTERVENTIONAL NCT03546361 CCL21-Gene Modified Dendritic Cell Vaccine and Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients with Stage IV Non-small Cell Lung Cancer ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma Stage IV Lung Cancer AJCC v8, Stage IVA Lung Cancer AJCC v8, Stage IVB Lung Cancer AJCC v8 BIOLOGICAL: Autologous Dendritic Cell-Adenovirus CCL21 Vaccine BIOLOGICAL: Pembrolizumab NCT00311272 Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer COMPLETED Colorectal Neoplasms BIOLOGICAL: MelCancerVac NCT01213407 Dendritic Cell Cancer Vaccine for High-grade Glioma COMPLETED Glioblastoma Multiforme INTERVENTIONAL NCT00017355 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Metastatic Melanoma UNKNOWN Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: filgrastim BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells NCT03395587 Efficiency of Vaccination with Lysate-loaded Dendritic Cells in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Glioblastoma BIOLOGICAL: Autologous, tumor lysate-loaded, mature dendritic cells (DC), DRUG: standard therapy NCT00085397 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Stage III or Stage IV Melanoma UNKNOWN Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: autologous dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine BIOLOGICAL: gp100 antigen BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells NCT01241162 Decitabine Followed by a Cancer Antigen Vaccine for Patients with Neuroblastoma and Sarcoma COMPLETED Neuroblastoma, Ewing’s Sarcoma, Osteogenic Sarcoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Synovial Sarcoma BIOLOGICAL: Autologous dendritic cell vaccine with adjuvant NCT04078269 MIDRIXNEO-LUNG Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer COMPLETED Non-small Cell Lung Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cell immunotherapy BIOLOGICAL: Antigen-specific DTH, BIOLOGICAL: Control DTH NCT02496520 Dendritic Cell-based Immunotherapy for Advanced Solid Tumors of Children and Young Adults COMPLETED Sarcoma Central Nervous System Tumor INTERVENTIONAL NCT00442754 Dendritic Cells in Lung Cancer COMPLETED Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Allogeneic Tumor Lysate (MelCancerVac) NCT02107391 Phase II Study of DCVAC/PCa Added to Hormone Therapy for Men with Metastatic Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT04487756 Combination of Atezolizumab with Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Patients with Lung Cancer ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Extensive-stage Small Cell Lung Cancer DRUG: Atezolizumab 1200 mg in 20 ML Injection BIOLOGICAL: ADC Vaccine DRUG: Carboplatin NCT04199559 Evaluating Combination Therapy Using Autologous Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Antigen Peptides and Nivolumab for Subjects with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer UNKNOWN NSCLC DRUG: Autologous dendritic cells pulsed with antigen NCT05765084 Integration of the PD-L1 Inhibitor Atezolizumab and WT1/DC Vaccination into Platinum/Pemetrexed-based First-line Treatment for Epithelioid Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma RECRUITING Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cell vaccination DRUG: Atezolizumab DRUG: Platinum/pemetrexed-based chemotherapy NCT01946373 T Cell Transfer with or Without Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Patients with Melanoma RECRUITING Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT06006403 Safety and Efficacy of CD123-targeted CAR-NK for Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm RECRUITING Acute Myeloid Leukemia Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN), Relapse Leukemia Refractory Leukemia BIOLOGICAL: CD123 targeted CAR-NK cells NCT04789252 Heterogeneity of Dendritic Cells in Colon and Non-small Cell Lung Cancer RECRUITING Non-small Cell Lung Cancer OBSERVATIONAL NCT00107159 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Unresected Stage III or Stage IV Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: autologous dendritic cell-allogeneic melanoma tumor cell lysate vaccine NCT00703105 Ovarian Dendritic Cell Vaccine Trial UNKNOWN Ovarian Cancer BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccination NCT03610360 Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for Mesothelioma COMPLETED Mesothelioma DRUG: MesoPher NCT04082182 MIDRIX4-LUNG Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Patients with Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer UNKNOWN Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Metastatic BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic cell immunotherapy BIOLOGICAL: Antigen-specific DTH, BIOLOGICAL: Control DTH NCT01983748 Dendritic Cells Plus Autologous Tumor RNA in Uveal Melanoma UNKNOWN Uveal Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: Autologous Dendritic Cells loaded with autologous Tumor RNA NCT03674073 A Study Combining Personalized Neoantigen-based Dendritic Cell Vaccine with Microwave Ablation for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma UNKNOWN Hepatocellular Carcinoma Liver Cancer, Adult BIOLOGICAL: Neoantigen Vaccines PROCEDURE: Microwave Ablation NCT00124124 Comparison of Dendritic Cells Versus Montanide as Adjuvants in a Melanoma Vaccine COMPLETED Melanoma DRUG: KLH; Peptides; Dendritic Cells DRUG: KLH, peptides plus Montanide NCT00978913 Transfected Dendritic Cell Based Therapy for Patients with Breast Cancer or Malignant Melanoma COMPLETED Breast Cancer Malignant Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccine NCT02688686 Safety and Efficacy of DC-CIK in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Bone Metastases UNKNOWN Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Bone Metastases INTERVENTIONAL NCT00197522 Administration of Autologous Dendritic Cells (DCs) Infected With an Adenovirus Expressing Her-2 COMPLETED Breast Neoplasms BIOLOGICAL: CD34 + derived DCs NCT01042366 Dendritic Cells (DC) Vaccine for Metastatic Melanoma TERMINATED Metastatic Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: Vaccination NCT02010606 Phase I Study of a Dendritic Cell Vaccine for Patients with Either Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Glioblastoma COMPLETED Glioblastoma Glioblastoma Multiforme Glioma Astrocytoma Brain Tumor INTERVENTIONAL NCT01730118 Ad/HER2/Neu Dendritic Cell Cancer Vaccine Testing COMPLETED Breast Neoplasms Breast Cancer Adenocarcinomas Metastatic Solid Tumors Characterized by HER2/Neu Expression INTERVENTIONAL NCT05533203 Safety of Prodencel in the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) UNKNOWN Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Prodencel, an autologous dendritic cell therapeutic tumor vaccine NCT00186316 Vaccine Therapy for Multiple Myeloma Utilizing Idiotype-Pulsed Allogeneic Dendritic Cells COMPLETED Multiple Myeloma BIOLOGICAL: Idiotype-pulsed allogeneic dendritic cells NCT00988312 Dendritic Cells (DC)-Based Id Vaccination in Stage-I Myeloma COMPLETED Multiple Myeloma Plasmacytoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT01792505 Dendritic Cell Vaccine with Imiquimod for Patients with Malignant Glioma COMPLETED Malignant Glioma INTERVENTIONAL NCT03870113 DC Vaccines Targeting HPV16/18 E6/E7 Protein to Regress CINI/CIN2 UNKNOWN Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia BIOLOGICAL: Vaccinated group NCT00672542 Immunotherapy of Melanoma with Tumor Antigen RNA and Small Inhibitory RNA Transfected Autologous Dendritic Cells COMPLETED Metastatic Melanoma Absence of CNS Metastases INTERVENTIONAL NCT00176761 Tumor-Pulsed Dendritic Cells Used as a Tumor Vaccine TERMINATED Metastatic Colorectal Cancer DRUG: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) NCT06690827 Clinical Trial of CD123-targeted CAR-NK Therapy for Relapse/Refractory AML or BPDCN RECRUITING AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia), BPDCN (blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm) DRUG: Anti-CD123 CAR NK cells NCT00006430 A Safety and Feasibility Study of Active Immunotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma Using Autologous Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Antigen Encoded in Amplified Autologous Tumor RNA UNKNOWN Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Autologous dendritic cells transfected with amplified tumor RNA NCT00005956 Biological Therapy in Treating Patients with Advanced Cancer COMPLETED Breast Cancer, Gastric Cancer, Ovarian Cancer BIOLOGICAL: HER-2/neu intracellular domain protein BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells NCT03325101 Dendritic Cell Therapy With Pembrolizumab for Metastatic or Unresectable Melanoma TERMINATED Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7, Stage IIIA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7, Stage IIIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7, Stage IIIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7, Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7 INTERVENTIONAL NCT00005992 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer That Has Not Responded to Hormone Therapy UNKNOWN Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: PSA prostate cancer vaccine BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells NCT00155766 Immunotherapy of Recurrent Cervical Cancers Using Dendritic Cells (DCs) UNKNOWN Cervical Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02787915 DC1s-CTL Cellular Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma UNKNOWN Renal Cell Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: DC1-CTL NCT00458536 Vaccination of Patients with Renal Cell Cancer with Dendritic Cell Tumor Fusions and GM-CSF COMPLETED Renal Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Tumor Fusion Vaccine DRUG: Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) NCT04201873 Pembrolizumab and a Vaccine (ATL-DC) for the Treatment of Surgically Accessible Recurrent Glioblastoma ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Recurrent Glioblastoma BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Tumor Cell Lysate Vaccine BIOLOGICAL: Pembrolizumab OTHER: Placebo Administration DRUG: Poly ICLC NCT00278018 Peritumoral Injection of Immature Dendritic Cells to Irradiated Skin Metastases of Solid Tumors TERMINATED Cancer of Skin Solid Tumors INTERVENTIONAL NCT06675201 Neoantigen Vaccines in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma RECRUITING Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC), Neoantigen-loaded Dendritic Cell Vaccine Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) INTERVENTIONAL NCT02362451 Multi-Epitope TARP Peptide Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Men with Stage D0 Prostate Cancer TERMINATED Prostatic Neoplasms Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01759810 Proteome-based Personalized Immunotherapy of Glioblastoma UNKNOWN Glioblastoma BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic vaccine, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic vaccine, autologous hematopoietic stem cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes NCT04317781 Tagraxofusp in Treating Patients with Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm After Stem Cell Transplant TERMINATED Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm BIOLOGICAL: Tagraxofusp-erzs NCT02859623 Descriptive Study of the Efficacy of Treatments for Blastic Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) COMPLETED NCT00085488 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Stage III or Stage IV Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: autologous tumor cell vaccine BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells NCT02113982 Tagraxofusp in Patients with Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm or Acute Myeloid Leukemia COMPLETED Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN), Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) DRUG: Tagraxofusp NCT04614051 Safety Evaluation of Autologous Dendritic Cell Anticancer Immune Cell Therapy (Cellgram-DC) TERMINATED Ovarian Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Cellgram-DC NCT03316573 Pembrolizumab in Neoplasms or Lymphomas SUSPENDED Lymphoma Histiocytic Sarcoma Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma Interdigitating Dendritic Cell Sarcoma DRUG: Pembrolizumab NCT03735589 Specialized Immune Cells (nCTLs) and a Vaccine (Alpha-type-1 Polarized Dendritic Cells) in Treating Patients with Stage II-IV Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer WITHDRAWN Stage II Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8,Stage II Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8,Stage II Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIA Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIA Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIB Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIB Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIB Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v8,Stage III Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8,Stage III Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8,Stage III Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIA Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIA Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIA1 Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIA1 Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIA2 Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIA2 Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIB Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIB Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIB Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIC Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIC Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IIIC Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IV Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IV Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IV Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IVA Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IVA Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IVA Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IVB Fallopian Tube Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IVB Ovarian Cancer AJCC v8,Stage IVB Primary Peritoneal Cancer AJCC v8 BIOLOGICAL: Alpha-type-1 Polarized Dendritic Cells BIOLOGICAL: Autologous Natural Killer Cell-like CTLs NCT00910650 Study of Gene Modified Immune Cells in Patients with Advanced Melanoma COMPLETED Metastatic Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: F5 TCR transgenic cells and MART-1 peptide pulsed dendritic cells DRUG: non-myeloablative conditioning chemotherapy NCT04214717 Study of DC-CIK Combined with Chemotherapy for Advanced Solid Tumor UNKNOWN Solid Tumor INTERVENTIONAL NCT04615845 Safety Evaluation of Autologous Dendritic Cell Anticancer Immune Cell Therapy (Cell gram-DC-PC) TERMINATED Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer, CRPC BIOLOGICAL: Cell gram-DC-PC NCT00377247 Active Immunization of Patients with Carcinoma of Oral Cavity or Oropharynx with Autologous Dendritic Cells Transfected with DNA From Autologous Tumor TERMINATED Primary Advanced Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity or Oropharynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck INTERVENTIONAL NCT01395056 Study of Chemotherapy with Adoptive Cellular Therapy With DC-CIK Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients COMPLETED OBSERVATIONAL NCT00704938 Gene-Modified Lymphocytes, High-Dose Aldesleukin, and Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Progressive or Recurrent Metastatic Cancer TERMINATED Kidney Cancer, Melanoma (Skin), Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific BIOLOGICAL: aldesleukin BIOLOGICAL: anti-p53 T-cell receptor-transduced peripheral blood lymphocytes BIOLOGICAL: autologous dendritic cell-adenovirus p53 vaccine BIOLOGICAL: filgrastim DRUG: cyclophosphamide DRUG: fludarabine phosphate NCT02692976 Natural Dendritic Cells for Immunotherapy of Chemo-naive Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients COMPLETED Prostatic Neoplasms Immunotherapy Dendritic Cell, Vaccines INTERVENTIONAL NCT00107211 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients Who Are Undergoing Surgery for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast COMPLETED Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells PROCEDURE: conventional surgery PROCEDURE: neoadjuvant therapy NCT02528682 MiHA-loaded PD-L-silenced DC Vaccination After Allogeneic SCT COMPLETED Hematological Malignancies BIOLOGICAL: MiHA-loaded PD-L-silenced DC Vaccination NCT00935558 Dendritic Cell Based Therapy for Breast Cancer Patients WITHDRAWN Breast Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT03092453 Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Patients with Advanced Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT04166006 A Phase II Study on Adjuvant Vaccination with Dendritic Cells Loaded with Autologous Tumor Homogenate in Resected Stage IV Rare Cancers. RECRUITING Head Neck Tumors Neuroendocrine Tumors Soft Tissue Sarcoma Rare Cancer, Vaccination INTERVENTIONAL NCT04317248 “Cocktail” Therapy for Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma UNKNOWN Hepatocellular Carcinoma DRUG: Cyclophosphamide BIOLOGICAL: Multiple Signals loaded Dendritic Cells Vaccine NCT02362464 Long-Term TARP Vaccination Using a Multi-Epitope TARP Peptide Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Previously Vaccinated Men on NCI 09-C-0139 COMPLETED Prostatic Neoplasms, Neoplasms of Prostate, Prostate Cancer, Cancer of Prostate, Stage D0 Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT00313508 Dendritic Cell Vaccination During Lymphoid Reconstruction COMPLETED Intraocular Melanoma Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: Autologous Dendritic Cells (DC), DRUG: Fludarabine BIOLOGICAL: Autologous Lymphocyte Infusion (ALI) NCT07202611 DC/NK Cell Therapy RECRUITING Lung Cancer (NSCLC) BIOLOGICAL: In vitro culture of autologous dendritic and natural killer cells for the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer NCT03638765 Dendritic Cell Therapy for Brain Metastases from Breast- or Lung Cancer UNKNOWN Brain Metastases, Lung Cancer, Metastatic Breast Cancer Metastatic BIOLOGICAL: DCVax-Direct NCT03485547 Study of Venetoclax, a BCL2 Antagonist, for Patients with Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm DRUG: Venetoclax NCT01821482 A Study of DC-CIK to Treat Hepatocellular Carcinoma UNKNOWN Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) INTERVENTIONAL NCT01347034 Radiation Therapy and Intertumoral Autologous Dendritic Cells in Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STS) COMPLETED Soft Tissue Sarcoma PROCEDURE: External Beam Radiation Therapy (RT), BIOLOGICAL: Autologous Dendritic Cells NCT00961844 Trial for Vaccine Therapy with Dendritic Cells in Patients with Metastatic Malignant Melanoma TERMINATED Metastatic Malignant Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT04216524 Venetoclax, SL-401, and Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm RECRUITING Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm DRUG: Cyclophosphamide DRUG: Cytarabine DRUG: Dexamethasone DRUG: Doxorubicin DRUG: Mercaptopurine DRUG: Methotrexate DRUG: Methylprednisolone DRUG: Prednisone BIOLOGICAL: Rituximab BIOLOGICAL: Tagraxofusp-erzs, DRUG: Venetoclax DRUG: Vincristine NCT03360630 Anti-PD-1 Alone or Combined with Autologous Cell Therapy in Advanced NSCLC COMPLETED Lung Cancer Neoplasms BIOLOGICAL: Anti-PD-1 plus DC-CIK, BIOLOGICAL: Anti-PD-1 alone NCT06471673 A Study of BRIA-OTS Cellular Immunotherapy in Metastatic Recurrent Breast Cancer RECRUITING Breast Cancer Breast Tumor Cancer of Breast Cancer of the Breast Malignant Tumor of Breast Tumors, Breast INTERVENTIONAL NCT04438564 Immunoassay and Regulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cancer Patients UNKNOWN Breast Cancer, Colorectal Cancer of Ovary Cancer of Endometrium Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT05749627 Using Neoantigen Peptide Vaccine/neoantigen-based DC to Treat Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors RECRUITING Advanced Malignant Solid Tumors DRUG: Neoantigen peptide vaccine DRUG: Neoantigen-based DC immune preparation NCT03384914 Vaccine to Prevent Recurrence in Patients With HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Breast Cancer Female Breast Cancer, Male Breast Cancer Stage I Breast Cancer Stage II Breast Cancer Stage II Residual Disease, HER2-positive Breast Cancer, HER2 Positive Breast Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: DC1 Vaccine BIOLOGICAL: WOKVAC Vaccine NCT05127824 Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Kidney Cancer RECRUITING Carcinoma, Renal Cell INTERVENTIONAL NCT01863108 Safety Study of a Dendritic Cell-based Cancer Vaccine in Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma Tumor Vaccines: Effects of Immunotherapy BIOLOGICAL: GeniusVac-Mel4 NCT02503150 Trial of Antigen Pulsed Dendritic Cells (APDC) in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer UNKNOWN Metastatic Colorectal Cancer BIOLOGICAL: APDC + Chemotherapy DRUG: Chemotherapy NCT01671592 Safety of Labeled Dendritic Cell (DC) Vaccines and Feasibility of Tracking by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) COMPLETED Colorectal Neoplasms Colorectal Cancer Colorectal Carcinoma Colorectal Tumors Neoplasms, Colorectal BIOLOGICAL: DC Vaccine NCT01753089 Dendritic Cell Activating Scaffold in Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: WDVAX NCT02479230 Type I-Polarized Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine with Tumor Blood Vessel Antigen-Derived Peptides in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients COMPLETED Breast Cancer Metastatic Breast Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01803152 Dendritic Cell Vaccine for Children and Adults with Sarcoma COMPLETED Sarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcoma Bone Sarcoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT03047525 Study of DC-CTL Combined with CIK for Advanced Solid Tumor UNKNOWN Colorectal Cancer, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Lung Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02705703 Consolidation Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Solid Malignancies WITHDRAWN Cancer Metastatic Solid Malignancies INTERVENTIONAL NCT00087984 RNA-Loaded Dendritic Cell Cancer Vaccine COMPLETED Renal Cell Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: MB-002 NCT01567202 Study of DC Vaccination Against Glioblastoma UNKNOWN Glioma Glioblastoma Multiforme Neoplasms PROCEDURE: Surgery DRUG: Chemotherapy RADIATION: Radiotherapy BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccination DRUG: blank placebo NCT02548169 Dendritic Cell Vaccine and Chemotherapy for Patients with Pancreatic Cancer TERMINATED Pancreatic Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02686944 A Study to Evaluate the Safety of Intuvax Administered Intra-temporally in Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors COMPLETED Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor INTERVENTIONAL NCT00128622 Denileukin Diftitox Followed by Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Metastatic Cancer COMPLETED Breast Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Lung Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific BIOLOGICAL: denileukin diftitox BIOLOGICAL: recombinant fowlpox-CEA(6D)/TRICOM vaccine BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells NCT01204684 Dendritic Cell Vaccine for Patients with Brain Tumors COMPLETED Glioma Anaplastic Astrocytoma Anaplastic Astro-oligodendroglioma Glioblastoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02728102 Dendritic Cell/Myeloma Fusion Vaccine for Multiple Myeloma (BMT CTN 1401) COMPLETED Multiple Myeloma PROCEDURE: Tumor Cell Collection PROCEDURE: Autologous Stem Cell Transplant DRUG: Melphalan PROCEDURE: Leukapheresis BIOLOGICAL: Myeloma vaccine DRUG: GM-CSF, DRUG: Lenalidomide NCT00338377 Lymphodepletion Plus Adoptive Cell Transfer with or Without Dendritic Cell Immunization in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Immunization, DRUG: Cyclophosphamide, DRUG: Fludarabine, BIOLOGICAL: T-Cells BIOLOGICAL: Interleukin-2, DRUG: Mesn BIOLOGICAL: Intrathecal T-Cells BIOLOGICAL: Intrathecal Interleukin-2 NCT06152367 Immunization With Autologous Dendritic Cells and Tumor Lysates in Melanoma Patients COMPLETED Stage III Malignant Melanoma of Skin, AJCC V6, Stage IV Malignant Melanoma of Skin BIOLOGICAL: TAP Cells vaccine NCT00004604 Biological Therapy in Treating Patients with Metastatic Cancer COMPLETED Breast Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer, Gallbladder Cancer, Gastric Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, Liver Cancer, Lung Cancer, Metastatic Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Testicular Germ Cell Tumor BIOLOGICAL: CEA RNA-pulsed DC cancer vaccine NCT07068555 Prostate Cancer Vaccines RECRUITING Prostate Cancer Indications INTERVENTIONAL NCT02993315 Melanoma Patients Immunized with Natural Dendritic Cells COMPLETED Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: nDC vaccination BIOLOGICAL: placebo injection NCT02677155 Sequential Intranodal Immunotherapy (SIIT) Combined with Anti-PD1 (Pembrolizumab) in Follicular Lymphoma COMPLETED Follicular Lymphoma RADIATION: Radiotherapy BIOLOGICAL: Rituximab BIOLOGICAL: Autologous dendritic cells BIOLOGICAL: GM-CSF, BIOLOGICAL: Pembrolizumab NCT02693236 DC Vaccine Combined with CIK Cells in Patients with Esophageal Cancer UNKNOWN Esophagus Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01876212 Dendritic Cell Vaccines + Dasatinib for Metastatic Melanoma COMPLETED Metastatic Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccine DRUG: Dasatinib NCT00001827 p53 Vaccine for Ovarian Cancer TERMINATED Ovarian Neoplasm INTERVENTIONAL NCT00098917 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients Who Are Undergoing Surgery for Stage IB, Stage II, or Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer TERMINATED Lung Cancer DRUG: autologous tumor cell vaccine DRUG: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells PROCEDURE: adjuvant therapy PROCEDURE: biological therapy PROCEDURE: conventional surgery PROCEDURE: surgery PROCEDURE: tumor cell derivative vaccine PROCEDURE: vaccine therapy NCT02419170 Mature Dendritic Cell Vaccination Against Unique Immunogenic Peptides in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) WITHDRAWN Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell-Lung Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT06530082 A Single Arm Clinical Study of Dendritic Cell Vaccine Loaded with Circular RNA Encoding Cryptic Peptide for Patients with HER2-negative Advanced Breast Cancer NOT_YET_RECRUITING Breast Neoplasms INTERVENTIONAL NCT03697707 Efficacy and Safety of Immunotherapy with Allogeneic Dendritic Cells, DCP-001, in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission BIOLOGICAL: DCP-001 NCT01690377 Natural Dendritic Cell Vaccines in Metastatic Melanoma Patients COMPLETED Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: PDC or mDC NCT02159937 In Vitro Functional Modulation of Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells of Patients with Cancer by Peptides COMPLETED Metastatic Cancer OBSERVATIONAL NCT00499083 Paclitaxel, Cyclophosphamide & Doxorubicin, Autologous Dendritic Cells & Surgery in Stage II/III Breast Cancer (Women) COMPLETED Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells DRUG: aromatase inhibition therapy DRUG: cyclophosphamide DRUG: doxorubicin hydrochloride DRUG: paclitaxel DRUG: tamoxifen citrate GENETIC: gene expression analysis GENETIC: protein expression analysis GENETIC: reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction OTHER: immune enzyme technique OTHER: immunohistochemistry staining method OTHER: laboratory biomarker analysis PROCEDURE: adjuvant therapy PROCEDURE: biopsy PROCEDURE: conventional surgery PROCEDURE: neoadjuvant therapy RADIATION: radiation therapy NCT03360708 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma COMPLETED Giant Cell Glioblastoma, Recurrent Glioblastoma, Recurrent Gliosarcoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT04739527 Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Feasibility, and Immunogenicity of an Allogeneic, Cell-based Vaccine (DCP-001) in High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients After Primary Treatment ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Ovarian Cancer BIOLOGICAL: DCP-001 NCT05321940 Safety Trial of STING-dependent Activators and Stimulated Dendritic Cells for Aggressive Relapsed/Refractory Leukemias WITHDRAWN Refractory Leukemia, Relapsed Leukemia, Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02504229 DC-CIK In Combination With Chemotherapy ( Gio / Oxaliplatin or Cisplatin ) Versus First-line Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced Unresectable or Metastatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma Randomized Controlled Phase II Clinical Study of Treatment UNKNOWN Gastric Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01821495 Study of DC-CIK to Treat NPC UNKNOWN Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT05317325 A Translational Study of Tumor Antigen-pulsed DC Vaccine for ESCC UNKNOWN Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02170389 Vaccine Therapy Before Surgery in Treating Patients with Localized Kidney Cancer TERMINATED Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma Stage I Renal Cell Cancer Stage II Renal Cell Cancer OTHER: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis PROCEDURE: Nephrectomy BIOLOGICAL: Renal Cell Carcinoma/CD40L RNA-Transfected Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine AGS-003 NCT03679650 Dendritic Cell/AML Fusion Cell Vaccine Following Allogeneic Transplantation in AML Patients RECRUITING Acute Myelogenous Leukemia DRUG: decitabine BIOLOGICAL: DC/AML fusion cells NCT00478452 Dendritic Cell Vaccine for High-Risk Ovarian Cancer Patients COMPLETED Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: DC-Ova BIOLOGICAL: DC Ova with Cyclophosphamide NCT02215837 Study of Autologous Tumor Lysate-pulsed D-CIK Combined with Chemotherapy for Gastric Cancer UNKNOWN Gastric Cancer Neoplasms Gastrointestinal Neoplasms Digestive System Neoplasms Gastrointestinal Diseases DRUG: Chemotherapy BIOLOGICAL: Ag-D-CIK NCT02018458 Safety Study of Chemotherapy Combined With Dendritic Cell Vaccine to Treat Breast Cancer COMPLETED Breast Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT03591614 Dendritic Cell DKK1 Vaccine for Monoclonal Gammopathy and Stable or Smoldering Myeloma WITHDRAWN Monoclonal, Gammopathy, Smoldering Myeloma, Myeloma BIOLOGICAL: DKK1 NCT04627246 Personalized Vaccine with SOC Chemo Followed by Nivo in Pancreatic Cancer ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT06972576 Clinical Study of Combined EphA2-targeted CAR-DC and CAR-T Cell Therapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer RECRUITING Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01882946 Safety and Efficacy Study of DC- Vax-Direct in Solid Tumors UNKNOWN Locally Advanced Tumor Metastatic Solid Tissue Tumor, Liver Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer, Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: DC- Vax-Direct NCT00093522 Vaccine Therapy with or Without Fludarabine in Treating Patients with Stage IV Kidney Cancer UNKNOWN Kidney Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT03730948 DC Vaccine in Colorectal Cancer TERMINATED Colorectal Cancer BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccine NCT00683241 A Phase I Clinical Trial of Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine for Recurrent Ovarian or Primary Peritoneal Cancer COMPLETED Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Cancer BIOLOGICAL: DC- Vac-L NCT00512889 Adoptive Transfer of MART1/Melan-A CTL for Malignant Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma (Skin) INTERVENTIONAL NCT01132014 Autologous OC-DC Vaccine in Ovarian Cancer COMPLETED Chemotherapy Tumor Ovarian Cancer BIOLOGICAL: OCDC NCT00027534 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Cancer COMPLETED Breast Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Gallbladder Cancer, Gastric Cancer, Head and Neck Cancer, Liver Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Pancreatic Cancer Testicular Germ Cell Tumor BIOLOGICAL: TRICOM-CEA(6D) NCT00896662 Analysis of Dendritic Phenotype and Function of Patients Receiving VEGF-Trap on VGFT-ST-0202 COMPLETED Lymphoma Solid Tumor OTHER: immunologic technique, OTHER: laboratory biomarker analysis, OTHER: pharmacological study NCT03803397 Arm 1: Lysate Pulsed Dendritic Cells (PV-001-DC) in Patients with Melanoma UNKNOWN Metastatic Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: PV-001-DC NCT00050323 Safety/Efficacy of a Vaccine Prepared from Dendritic Cells Combined with Tumor Cells to Treat Advanced Kidney Cancer COMPLETED Carcinoma, Renal Cell INTERVENTIONAL NCT04342962 Tagraxofusp in Patients with CD123 + or with BPDCN-IPh-like Acute Myeloid Leukemia TERMINATED Acute Myeloid Leukemia DRUG: tagraxofusp NCT01885702 Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Patients with Lynch Syndrome or Colorectal Cancer With MSI ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Colorectal Cancer BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccination NCT01153113 Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Messenger RNA (hTERT mRNA) Transfected Dendritic Cell Vaccines WITHDRAWN Metastatic Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT00515983 Vaccination of Melanoma Patients with Dendritic Cells Loaded with Allogeneic Apoptotic-Necrotic Melanoma Cells COMPLETED Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: DC/Apo-Nec NCT01957956 Vaccine Therapy and Temozolomide in Treating Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma COMPLETED Giant Cell Glioblastoma, Glioblastoma, Gliosarcoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT01441765 PD-1 Alone or With Dendritic Cell/Renal Cell Carcinoma Fusion Cell Vaccine TERMINATED Renal Cell Carcinoma DRUG: CT-011, BIOLOGICAL: DC/RCC fusion vaccine NCT03371485 AST-VAC2 Vaccine in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer COMPLETED Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer BIOLOGICAL: AST-VAC2 NCT00100971 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia TERMINATED Leukemia INTERVENTIONAL NCT02775292 Gene-Modified T Cells, Vaccine Therapy, and Nivolumab in Treating Patients with Stage IV or Locally Advanced Solid Tumors Expressing NY-ESO-1 COMPLETED Adult Solid Neoplasm Childhood Solid Neoplasm Metastatic Neoplasm BIOLOGICAL: Aldesleukin DRUG: Cyclophosphamide DRUG: Fludarabine Phosphate OTHER: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis BIOLOGICAL: Nivolumab BIOLOGICAL: NY-ESO-1 Reactive TCR Retroviral Vector Transduced Autologous PBL, BIOLOGICAL: NY-ESO-1(157–165) Peptide-pulsed Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine PROCEDURE: Positron Emission Tomography NCT00776295 Autologous SCT Followed by Dendritic Cell p53 Vaccination in Patients with Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer. TERMINATED Small Cell Lung Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02159495 Genetically Modified T-cell Immunotherapy in Treating Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Persistent/Recurrent Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission, Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia, Early Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Late Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Recurrent Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm Acute Myeloid Leukemia Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Interleukin-3 Receptor Subunit Alpha Positive Minimal Residual Disease Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Untreated Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia DRUG: cyclophosphamide BIOLOGICAL: Autologous CD123CAR-CD28-CD3zeta-EGFRt-expressing T Lymphocytes OTHER: laboratory biomarker analysis BIOLOGICAL: Allogeneic CD123CAR-CD28-CD3zeta-EGFRt-expressing T-lymphocytes DRUG: Fludarabine Phosphate NCT05650918 Me sopher/ Mitazalimab-combination Therapy in Metastatic Pancreatic Disease (REACtiVe-2 Trial) COMPLETED Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT00100906 Sequential ATRA Then IL-2 for Modulation of Dendritic Cells and Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer COMPLETED Kidney Cancer DRUG: IL-2,DRUG: ATRA NCT00074230 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma (Skin) INTERVENTIONAL NCT00327496 Cytotoxicity Induced by Tumor Lysate Pulsed Dendritic Cells Against Autologous Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells UNKNOWN Carcinoma, Hepatocellular BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccine NCT00289341 Safety and Effectiveness of a Vaccine for Prostate Cancer That Uses Each Patients’ Own Immune Cells. COMPLETED Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02395679 Dendritic Cells Loaded with Allogeneous Cell Lysate in Mesothelioma Patients UNKNOWN Mesothelioma BIOLOGICAL: MesoCancerVac NCT07007052 Phase II Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of the Combination of Tagraxofusp and Venetoclax in Treatment-naive Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm Patients NOT_YET_RECRUITING Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) DRUG: Venetoclax DRUG: Tagraxofusp NCT04571632 Clinical Trial of SBRT and Systemic Pembrolizumab with or Without Avelumab/Ipilimumab+ Dendritic Cells in Solid Tumors UNKNOWN Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Solid Tumor INTERVENTIONAL NCT00637117 Intertumoral Dendritic Cell Vaccination Combined With Local Radiotherapy in Patients With Recurrent Lymphoma. WITHDRAWN Lymphoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT04157127 Th-1 Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy Plus Standard Chemotherapy for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma RECRUITING Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma, Pancreatic Cancer, Pancreatic Adenosquamous Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: Autologous DC Therapy NCT01783431 Study of Vaccination with Poly-ICLC and Peptide-pulsed Dendritic Cells TERMINATED Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT06435910 Engineered Dendritic Cell Vaccines for Multiple Myeloma RECRUITING Multiple Myeloma or Plasmacytoma BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccines NCT03599960 Combination Chemotherapy in Patients with Newly Diagnosed BPDCN ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) DRUG: Chemotherapy NCT01974661 Phase I Safety Study of Dendritic Cell Vaccine to Treat Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma COMPLETED Hepatocellular Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: COMBIG-DC (ilixadencel) NCT02772094 Dendritic Cell-Based Tumor Vaccine Adjuvant Immunotherapy of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme (WHO Grade IV Gliomas) UNKNOWN Glioblastoma Multiforme Glioblastoma BIOLOGICAL: Single arm, open-label NCT02049489 A Study of ICT-121 Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Recurrent Glioblastoma COMPLETED Glioblastoma Multiforme INTERVENTIONAL NCT00779402 PROvenge Treatment and Early Cancer Treatment COMPLETED Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT03671720 Personalized Vaccine Generated by Autologous Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Autologous Whole Tumor Cell Lysate Treats Advanced Solid Tumor Patients with High Tumor Mutation Burden WITHDRAWN Advanced Cancer Metastatic Cancer BIOLOGICAL: personalized DC vaccine NCT00558051 Alpha-type-1 Dendritic Cell-based Vaccines in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer COMPLETED Metastatic Colorectal Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT03879512 Autologous Dendritic Cells, Metronomic Cyclophosphamide, and Checkpoint Blockade in Children with Relapsed HGG COMPLETED Childhood Glioblastoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT01159288 Trial of a Vaccination with Tumor Antigen-loaded Dendritic Cell-derived Exosomes COMPLETED Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Dex2 NCT02574377 myDC/pDC in Stage III Melanoma Patients COMPLETED Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00404339 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Head and Neck Cancer COMPLETED Head and Neck Cancer BIOLOGICAL: mutant p53 peptide pulsed dendritic cell vaccine BIOLOGICAL: tetanus toxoid helper peptide PROCEDURE: adjuvant therapy NCT00766753 Vaccination-Dendritic Cells with Peptides for Recurrent Malignant Gliomas COMPLETED Malignant Glioma BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic vaccine pulsed with multiple peptides BIOLOGICAL: The first booster vaccine phase: BIOLOGICAL: The second booster vaccine phase: NCT03226236 Vaccination With Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Autologous Tumor Homogenate in Combination With HD-IL2 and Immunomodulating Radiotherapy in Metastatic RCC WITHDRAWN Carcinoma, Renal Cell Vaccination Secondary INTERVENTIONAL NCT01781520 Study of S-1 Plus DC-CIK for Patients with Unresectable Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer COMPLETED Pancreatic Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01783951 Study of S-1 Plus DC-CIK for Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer COMPLETED Gastric Cancer BIOLOGICAL: DC-CIK, DRUG: S-1, DRUG: Cisplatin NCT02491697 Immunotherapy Combined with Capecitabine Versus Capecitabine Monotherapy in Advanced Breast Cancer ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Breast Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02111941 Vaccine Therapy for Patients with Stage IIIC-IV Ovarian Epithelial, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cavity Cancer COMPLETED Fallopian Tube Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Fallopian Tube Endometrioid Tumor Fallopian Tube Mucinous Neoplasm Fallopian Tube Serous Neoplasm Fallopian Tube Transitional Cell Carcinoma Ovarian Clear Cell Cystadenocarcinoma Ovarian Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Ovarian Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma Ovarian Seromucinous Carcinoma Ovarian Serous Cystadenocarcinoma Ovarian Transitional Cell Carcinoma Primary Peritoneal Serous Adenocarcinoma Recurrent Fallopian Tube Carcinoma Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma Stage IIIC Fallopian Tube Cancer, Stage IIIC Ovarian Cancer Stage IIIC Primary Peritoneal Cancer Stage IV Fallopian Tube Cancer Stage IV Ovarian Cancer Stage IV Primary Peritoneal Cancer Undifferentiated Fallopian Tube Carcinoma Undifferentiated Ovarian Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT05631886 Combination of CAR-DC Vaccine and ICIs in Malignant Tumors RECRUITING Solid Tumor, Adult, Lymphoma, EphA2 Overexpression, TP53 R273H, TP53 R175H, TP53 R248Q, TP53 R249S BIOLOGICAL: TP53-EphA-2-CAR-DC, DRUG: Abraxane DRUG: Cyclophosphamide DRUG: anti-PD-1 antibody DRUG: Anti-CTLA4 Monoclonal Antibody NCT03615404 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) RNA-Pulsed Dendritic Cells for Pediatric Patients and Young Adults with WHO Grade IV Glioma, Recurrent Malignant Glioma, or Recurrent Medulloblastoma COMPLETED Glioblastoma Malignant Glioma Medulloblastoma Recurrent Pediatric Glioblastoma Multiforme Pediatric Brain Tumor, Recurrent Pediatric Brain Tumor INTERVENTIONAL NCT00589186 Vaccine Therapy and Celecoxib in Treating Patients with Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Cancer UNKNOWN Head and Neck Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT05195619 Personalized DC Vaccines in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Non-small Cell Lung Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT04093323 Polarized Dendritic Cell (aDC1) Based Treatment, Interferon Alpha-2, Rintatolimod, and Celecoxib for the Treatment of HLA-A2 + Refractory Melanoma TERMINATED HLA-A2 Positive Cells Present Refractory Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: Alpha-type-1 Polarized Dendritic Cells DRUG: Celecoxib DRUG: PD-1 Ligand Inhibitor DRUG: PD1 Inhibitor BIOLOGICAL: Recombinant Interferon Alfa-2b, DRUG: Rintatolimod NCT01239875 Vaccine Therapy with or Without Cryosurgery in Treating Patients With Residual, Relapsed, or Refractory B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma COMPLETED Cutaneous B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Extranodal Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma of Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Nodal Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma Adult Grade III Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis Adult Immunoblastic Large Cell Lymphoma Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma Grade 1 Follicular Lymphoma Grade 2 Follicular Lymphoma Grade 3 Follicular Lymphoma Mantle Cell Lymphoma Marginal Zone Lymphoma Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia with Nodal Disease BIOLOGICAL: dendritic cell vaccine therapy PROCEDURE: cryotherapy BIOLOGICAL: pneumococcal polyvalent vaccine OTHER: laboratory biomarker analysis OTHER: immunoenzyme technique OTHER: immunohistochemistry staining method BIOLOGICAL: autologous dendritic cell-tumor fusion vaccine NCT05325632 Study of HER2 Directed Dendritic Cell (DC1) Vaccine + Weekly Paclitaxel, Trastuzumab & Pertuzumab RECRUITING HER2-positive Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: HER-2 pulsed DC1, DRUG: Trastuzumab, DRUG: Pertuzumab, DRUG: Paclitaxel, PROCEDURE: Resection surgery NCT01042535 Vaccine Therapy and 1-MT in Treating Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer COMPLETED Male Breast Cancer, Recurrent Breast Cancer, Stage IV Breast Cancer, Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific BIOLOGICAL: adenovirus-p53 transduced dendritic cell (DC) vaccine DRUG: 1-methyl-d-tryptophan, OTHER: Laboratory biomarker analysis NCT01302821 C11 AMT Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging in Patients with Metastatic Invasive Breast Cancer WITHDRAWN Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Adenovirus-p53 transduced dendritic cell vaccine DRUG: 1-methyl-D-tryptophan, RADIATION: Carbon C 11 alpha-methyltryptophan NCT05304208 dendritic Cell Therapy Combined with SURgEry in Mesothelioma RECRUITING Mesotheliomas Pleural BIOLOGICAL: Mesopher NCT00626860 The Use of Dendritic Cell/Tumor Hybridomas as a Novel Tumor Vaccine in Patients with Advanced Melanoma COMPLETED Metastatic Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: DC/tumor fusion vaccine NCT00083538 Study of Tumor Antigen-Pulsed Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccination Administered Subcutaneously or Intranodally COMPLETED Multiple Myeloma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00365872 External Beam Radiation with Intertumoral Injection of Dendritic Cells As Neo-Adjuvant Treatment for Sarcoma COMPLETED Soft Tissue Sarcoma BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell (DC) Injections PROCEDURE: Radiation therapy PROCEDURE: Complete Resection - Surgery for tumor removal NCT01398124 Cyclin B1 Peptide-Pulsed Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine for Resectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer WITHDRAWN Non-small Cell Lung Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Cyclin B1 Peptide NCT04109482 Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of MB-102 in Patients With BPDCN. TERMINATED Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) INTERVENTIONAL NCT02678741 Multi-center Phase I/IIa Trial of an Autologous Tumor Lysate (TL) + Yeast Cell Wall Particles (YCWP) + Dendritic Cells (DC) Vaccine in Addition to Standard of Care Checkpoint Inhibitor of Choice in Metastatic Melanoma Patients with Measurable Disease. COMPLETED Metastatic Melanoma DRUG: TLPLDC Vaccine NCT03707808 Intertumoral Injection of Autologous CD1c (BDCA-1) + My DC, Avelumab, and Ipilimumab Plus Systemic Nivolumab RECRUITING Solid Tumor Metastases to Soft Tissue INTERVENTIONAL NCT02301611 Phase IIB TL + YCWP + DC in Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma DRUG: TLPLDC, DRUG: Placebo NCT05799612 Phase I Study of TH1 Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Cutaneous Angiosarcoma WITHDRAWN Angiosarcoma DRUG: Paclitaxel, BIOLOGICAL: mRNA plus Lysate-loaded Dendritic Cell Vaccine DRUG: PEGYLATED-INTERFERON ALPHA-2 A, DRUG: Filgrastim NCT00616720 Interferon-gamma or Aldesleukin and Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Multiple Myeloma COMPLETED Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Neoplasm BIOLOGICAL: aldesleukin BIOLOGICAL: idiotype-pulsed autologous dendritic cell vaccine APC8020, BIOLOGICAL: recombinant interferon gamma GENETIC: polymerase chain reaction GENETIC: reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction OTHER: flow cytometry OTHER: laboratory biomarker analysis NCT02033616 Autologous Dendritic Cells Loaded with Autologous Tumor-Associated Antigens for Treatment of Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Carcinomas UNKNOWN Stage III Ovarian Carcinoma Stage IV Ovarian Carcinoma Fallopian Tube Carcinoma Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT03400917 Autologous Dendritic Cells Loaded with Autologous Tumor-Associated Antigens for Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma UNKNOWN Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma BIOLOGICAL: AV-GBM-1 NCT02886897 A Study of Combinations of D-CIK Immunotherapy and Anti-PD-1 In Refractory Solid Tumors UNKNOWN Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Bladder Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Non-small-cell Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02615574 A Study of Type-1 Polarized Dendritic Cell (αDC1) Vaccine in Combination with Tumor-Selective Chemokine Modulation (Interferon-α2b, Rintatolimod, and Celecoxib) in Subjects with Chemo-Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer WITHDRAWN Metastatic Colorectal Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT00715078 To Evaluate Sipuleucel-T Manufactured with Different Concentrations of (PA2024) Antigen COMPLETED Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: sipuleucel-T NCT06805305 DOC1021 Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Adult Glioblastoma (GBM) RECRUITING Glioblastoma (GBM) INTERVENTIONAL NCT01216436 Local Modulation of Immune Receptors to Enhance the Response to Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Metastatic Melanoma TERMINATED Metastatic Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02496273 Phase I Trial of CEA-Specific AAV-DC-CTL Treatment in Stage IV Gastric Cancer ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Gastric Cancer BIOLOGICAL: CTL NCT02285413 Platin-based Chemotherapeutics to Enhance Dendritic Cell Vaccine Efficacy in Melanoma Patients COMPLETED Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02151448 αDC1 Vaccine + Chemokine Modulatory Regimen (CKM) as Adjuvant Treatment of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies COMPLETED Malignant Neoplasm of Pancreas Metastatic to Peritoneal Surface Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Peritoneal Carcinomatosis BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccine DRUG: Celecoxib DRUG: Interferon Alfa-2b, BIOLOGICAL: rintatolimod NCT00065442 Provenge ® (Sipuleucel-T) Active Cellular Immunotherapy Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer After Failing Hormone Therapy COMPLETED Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT03450122 Modified T Cells, Chemotherapy, and Aldesleukin with or Without LV305 and CMB305 in Treating Participants with Advanced or Recurrent Sarcoma COMPLETED HLA-A*0201 Positive Cells Present, NY-ESO-1 Positive Tumor Cells Present, Recurrent Myxoid Liposarcoma, Recurrent Synovial Sarcoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT06431529 A Study of Tumor Neoantigen-specific T Cells in the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors RECRUITING Tumor, Solid BIOLOGICAL: tumor neoantigen-specific T cell NCT03113643 SL-401 in Combination with Azacitidine or Azacitidine/Venetoclax in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) or Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) RECRUITING Acute Myeloid Leukemia Myelodysplastic Syndrome Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm DRUG: Azacitidine, DRUG: SL-401, DRUG: Venetoclax NCT05539365 Dendritic Cell-Based Treatment Plus Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Metastatic or Unresectable Triple Negative Breast Cancer WITHDRAWN Anatomic Stage III Breast Cancer AJCC v8, Anatomic Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v8, Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma, Unresectable Triple-Negative Breast Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00057915 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Refractory Stage IV Cancer COMPLETED Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific BIOLOGICAL: CEA peptide 1-6D NCT03736330 A Study of Anti-PD-1 Combinations of D-CIK Immunotherapy and Axitinib in Advanced Renal Carcinoma UNKNOWN Renal Cancer Metastatic INTERVENTIONAL NCT05340543 Ex vivo Examination of Excisions of Skin Tumors by Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) With Integrated Dermoscopy and Comparison with Histology (DERMOCTAV) UNKNOWN Cutaneous Tumor Optical Coherence Tomography Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Melanoma PROCEDURE: Confocal optical coherence tomography - OCTAVE NCT01897636 Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Fine-needle Injection of Dendritic Cells Vaccination into Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer UNKNOWN Pancreatic Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT03592888 DC Vaccine in Pancreatic Cancer COMPLETED Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma DRUG: mDC3/8-KRAS Vaccine NCT03743298 Safety of AV-MEL-1 With Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Metastatic Melanoma RECRUITING Metastatic Melanoma DRUG: AV-MEL-1 NCT00944580 A Vaccine Study for High-Risk Cancers WITHDRAWN Neuroblastoma, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Osteogenic Sarcoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT03747744 Intertumoral Injection of Autologous CD1c (BDCA-1) + Myeloid Dendritic Cells Plus Tal Imogene Laherparepvec (T-VEC) UNKNOWN Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT03334305 Adoptive Cellular Therapy in Pediatric Patients with High-grade Gliomas TERMINATED Malignant Glioma High Grade Glioma BIOLOGICAL: TTRNA-DC vaccines with GM-CSF, DRUG: Dose-intensified TMZ, BIOLOGICAL: Autologous Hematopoietic Stem cells (HSCs), BIOLOGICAL: TTRNA-xALT, DRUG: Td vaccine NCT01823978 Safety Study of BPX-201 Dendritic Cell Vaccine Plus AP1903 in Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT00027599 APC8015 and Bevacizumab in Treating Patients with Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01280552 A Study of ICT-107 Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) COMPLETED Glioblastoma Multiforme INTERVENTIONAL NCT03035331 Dendritic Cell Therapy, Cryosurgery, and Pembrolizumab in Treating Patients with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma COMPLETED Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Recurrent Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Recurrent Follicular Lymphoma, Recurrent Mantle Cell Lymphoma, Recurrent Marginal Zone Lymphoma, Recurrent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Recurrent Primary Mediastinal (Thymic) Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Recurrent T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma PROCEDURE: Cryosurgery BIOLOGICAL: Dendritic Cell Therapy OTHER: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis BIOLOGICAL: Pembrolizumab BIOLOGICAL: Pneumococcal 13-valent Conjugate Vaccine OTHER: Quality-of-Life Assessment NCT03203369 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Clinical Activity of UCART123 in Patients With BPDCN TERMINATED Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) BIOLOGICAL: UCART123 NCT02140996 Safety Study of Human MUC-1 (Mucin-1) Adenoviral Vector Vaccine for Immunotherapy of Epithelial Cancers UNKNOWN Epithelial Cancers of the Lung, Breast, Ovary, Prostate, and Colon DRUG: Ad-sig-hMUC-1/ecdCD40L vector vaccine NCT00022334 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Liver Cancer COMPLETED Liver Cancer BIOLOGICAL: AFP NCT02632188 Radical Surgery Followed by Immunotherapy Using Precision T Cells Specific to Multiple Common Tumor-Associated Antigens for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma UNKNOWN Liver Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT03014804 Autologous Dendritic Cells Pulsed with Tumor Lysate Antigen Vaccine and Nivolumab in Treating Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma WITHDRAWN Giant Cell Glioblastoma, Gliosarcoma Oligodendroglioma, Recurrent Glioblastoma Small Cell Glioblastoma BIOLOGICAL: autologous dendritic cells pulsed with tumor lysate antigen Vaccine OTHER: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis BIOLOGICAL: Nivolumab, OTHER: Quality-of-Life Assessment OTHER: Questionnaire Administration NCT05920798 Vaccine Therapy Plus Pembrolizumab in Treating Advanced Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cavity Cancer RECRUITING Fallopian Tube Carcinosarcoma Primary Peritoneal Carcinosarcoma Recurrent Fallopian Tube Carcinoma Recurrent Fallopian Tube Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Recurrent Fallopian Tube Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Recurrent Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma Recurrent Ovarian Carcinosarcoma Recurrent Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Recurrent Ovarian Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Recurrent Ovarian High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Recurrent Primary Peritoneal High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma Recurrent Primary Peritoneal Carcinosarcoma PROCEDURE: Biopsy PROCEDURE: Biospecimen Collection PROCEDURE: Computed Tomography PROCEDURE: Magnetic Resonance Imaging BIOLOGICAL: Multi-epitope Folate Receptor Alpha-loaded Dendritic Cell Vaccine BIOLOGICAL: Pembrolizumab PROCEDURE: Pheresis NCT03942328 Modified Immune Cells (Autologous Dendritic Cells) and a Vaccine (Prevnar) Combined With Immune Checkpoint Inhibition After High-Dose External Beam Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Unresectable Liver Cancer RECRUITING Stage III Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8, Stage III Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma AJCC v8, Stage IV Hepatocellular Carcinoma AJCC v8, Stage IV Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma AJCC v8, Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma BIOLOGICAL: Atezolizumab BIOLOGICAL: Bevacizumab RADIATION: External Beam Radiation Therapy PROCEDURE: Pheresis BIOLOGICAL: Pneumococcal 13-valent Conjugate Vaccine BIOLOGICAL: Therapeutic Autologous Dendritic Cells BIOLOGICAL: Tabalumab PROCEDURE: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, PROCEDURE: Computed Tomography, PROCEDURE: Positron Emission Tomography PROCEDURE: Magnetic Resonance Imaging PROCEDURE: Biopsy Procedure: Biospecimen Collection NCT00862303 DC Vaccine Therapy Combined with Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells in Treating Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma UNKNOWN Renal Cell Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT03927222 Immunotherapy Targeted Against Cytomegalovirus in Patients with Newly Diagnosed WHO Grade IV Unmethylated Glioma TERMINATED Glioblastoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00279058 The Role of Peptide-loaded Dendritic Cells to Augment the Therapeutic Effect of Interleukin-2 COMPLETED Metastatic Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00912574 Evaluation of the Effects of Local Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) in Adjuvant Administration on Dendritic Cells in Skin of Melanoma Patients and in Sentinel Lymph Nodes: MEL38 COMPLETED Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00003432 Immunotherapy in Treating Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer TERMINATED Breast Cancer BIOLOGICAL: carcinoembryonic antigen RNA-pulsed DC cancer vaccine NCT00003792 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Metastatic Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: MART-1 antigen BIOLOGICAL: filgrastim BIOLOGICAL: flu matrix peptide p58-66, BIOLOGICAL: gp100 antigen BIOLOGICAL: recombinant MAGE-3.1 antigen BIOLOGICAL: tyrosinase peptide PROCEDURE: in vitro-treated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation NCT00901342 Open Label Study of Sipuleucel-T in Metastatic Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: sipuleucel-T NCT02851056 Survivin Vaccine: Multiple Myeloma Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (HCT) COMPLETED Multiple Myeloma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00601796 Vaccine Therapy, Tretinoin, and Cyclophosphamide in Treating Patients with Metastatic Lung Cancer COMPLETED Lung Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Vaccine Treatment DRUG: Cyclophosphamide DRUG: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) NCT04963413 RENEW: Feasibility of CMV RNA-Pulsed Dendritic Cells Vaccines for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Patients. TERMINATED Glioblastoma BIOLOGICAL: Autologous DCs derived from PBMC loaded with RNA encoding the human CMV matrix protein pp65-flLAMP plus GM-CSF NCT04640779 Low-Dose Selinexor and Choline Salicylate for Non-Hodgkin or Hodgkin Lymphoma, Histiocytic/Dendritic Cell Neoplasm, or Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma RECRUITING Recurrent Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm, Recurrent Hodgkin Lymphoma, Recurrent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Recurrent Plasma Cell Myeloma Refractory Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm, Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma, Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Refractory Plasma Cell Myeloma DRUG: Choline Salicylate DRUG: Selinexor NCT01235845 Dendritic Cell (DC) Activated Cytokine-induced Killer Cell (DCIK) Combined with DC Treatment for Glioma UNKNOWN Malignant Glioma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00510133 A Study of Active Immunotherapy with GRNVAC1 in Patients with Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML) COMPLETED Acute Myelogenous Leukemia BIOLOGICAL: GRNVAC1 NCT04567069 Safety and Efficacy Study for MG-7-DC Vaccine in Gastric Cancer Treatment UNKNOWN Gastric Cancer BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccine, BIOLOGICAL: CTL, DRUG: Sintilimab Injection NCT00005947 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer That Has Not Responded to Hormone Therapy COMPLETED Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT00003433 Immunotherapy in Treating Patients with Resected Liver Metastases from Colon Cancer COMPLETED Colorectal Cancer Metastatic Cancer BIOLOGICAL: carcinoembryonic antigen RNA-pulsed DC cancer vaccine NCT04837547 PEACH TRIAL- Precision Medicine and Adoptive Cellular Therapy ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Neuroblastoma Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma BIOLOGICAL: Tumor-specific ex vivo expanded autologous lymphocyte transfer (TTRNA-xALT) NCT02146066 Expanded Access Protocol for GBM Patients with Already Manufactured DCVax ® -L Who Have Screen-Failed Protocol 020221 AVAILABLE GBM Glioblastoma Multiforme BIOLOGICAL: DCVax-L NCT06708936 KSD-201 Treatment for Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: An Early Exploratory Clinical Study NOT_YET_RECRUITING Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) BIOLOGICAL: KSD-201 NCT02070406 Gene-Modified T Cells, Vaccine Therapy, and Ipilimumab in Treating Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Malignancies TERMINATED Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific DRUG: cyclophosphamide DRUG: fludarabine phosphate BIOLOGICAL: NY-ESO-1 reactive TCR retroviral vector transduced autologous PBL, BIOLOGICAL: dendritic cell vaccine therapy BIOLOGICAL: aldesleukin RADIATION: fludeoxyglucose F 18, PROCEDURE: positron emission tomography, OTHER: laboratory biomarker analysis NCT01431391 Sequencing of Sipuleucel-T and ADT in Men with Non-metastatic Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostatic Neoplasm Prostate Cancer Prostatic Adenocarcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00334776 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Metastatic Melanoma COMPLETED Intraocular Melanoma Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: MART-1 antigen BIOLOGICAL: gp100:209–217(210 M) peptide vaccine BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells, BIOLOGICAL: tyrosinase peptide NCT02026362 Multiple Antigen Specific Cell Therapy (MASCT) for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Patients After Radical Resection or Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA). SUSPENDED Hepatocellular Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: MASCT: Multiple Antigens Specific Cellular Therapy, OTHER: The foundation treatment, including treatment against the hepatitis B virus, treatment using nucleoside analog drugs, and liver protection treatment NCT01582672 Phase 3 Trial of Autologous Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy Plus Standard Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma TERMINATED Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma, Renal Cell Carcinoma, Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02159482 Pilot Study of Interferon Alfa for Patients Who Have Received Cancer Vaccines TERMINATED Cancer DRUG: Interferon Alfa-2a NCT03657966 DCVAC/OvCa After Standard-of-care Chemotherapy in Women with Relapse of Platinum-sensitive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer COMPLETED Ovarian Cancer Recurrent INTERVENTIONAL NCT01637805 Clinical Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of AAV-DC-CTL Treatment in Stage IV Gastric Cancer UNKNOWN Stage IV Gastric Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01068509 Ovarian Cancer Vaccine for Patients in Remission COMPLETED Epithelial Ovarian Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Cvac NCT01883297 “Re-Stimulated” TILs and IL-2 Therapy for Platinum-Resistant Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Recurrent Platinum-resistant High Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer, Fallopian Tube Cancer, Primary Peritoneal Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01686334 Efficacy Study of Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Remission ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Acute Myeloid Leukemia BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccine NCT01241682 Dendritic Cell-based Immunotherapy Combined with Low-dose Cyclophosphamide in Patients with Malignant Mesothelioma COMPLETED Malignant (Pleural) Mesothelioma BIOLOGICAL: DC + CTX NCT02159950 Sipuleucel-T With or Without Tasquinimod in Treating Patients with Metastatic Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma, Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma, Stage IV Prostate Cancer OTHER: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis BIOLOGICAL: Sipuleucel-T, DRUG: Tasquinimod NCT02632201 Immunotherapy Using Pluripotent Killer-Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (PIK-HER2) Cells for the Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer with Liver Metastasis UNKNOWN Liver Metastasis Gastric Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01482949 A Rollover Protocol for Subjects Previously Treated With AGS-003 TERMINATED Renal Cell Carcinoma DRUG: AGS-003 NCT03196869 The Study of the Effect of Chronomodulated Chemotherapy on the Dendritic Cell Subsets in the Treatment of Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancer UNKNOWN Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02662634 A Safety and Feasibility Study of AGS-003-LNG for the Treatment of Stage 3 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer WITHDRAWN Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) INTERVENTIONAL NCT02602249 Clinical Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of MUC1-DC-CTL Treatment in Stage IV Gastric Cancer. UNKNOWN Gastric Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT07090174 Testing for Safety and Immune Effects of PDS0101, an Anti-HPV Therapy, Among People Living With HIV NOT_YET_RECRUITING HPV Associated Cancers, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), Anal Cancer, Cervical Cancer, HPV 16 Infection BIOLOGICAL: PDS0101 NCT01657734 Multimodal MR Imaging in Patients with Glioblastoma Treated with Dendritic Cell Therapy COMPLETED Malignant Gliomas OTHER: MR imaging NCT01338012 Sipuleucel-T in Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer TERMINATED Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Sipuleucel-T NCT01973322 Vaccination With Autologous Dendritic Cells Loaded with Autologous Tumor Lysate or Homogenate Combined with Immunomodulating Radiotherapy and/or Preleukapheresis IFN-alfa in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma: a Randomized “Proof-of-principle” Phase II Study COMPLETED Malignant Melanoma of Skin Stage III, Malignant Melanoma of Skin Stage IV INTERVENTIONAL NCT01995708 CT7, MAGE-A3, and WT1 mRNA-electroporated Autologous Langerhans-type Dendritic Cells as Consolidation for Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation COMPLETED Multiple Myeloma INTERVENTIONAL NCT06277154 MASCT-I Combined with Doxorubicin and Fosfamide for First-line Treatment of Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma RECRUITING Leiomyosarcoma Liposarcoma Synovial Sarcoma Angiosarcoma Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Epithelioid Sarcoma Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors Fibrosarcoma Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor BIOLOGICAL: MASCT-I, DRUG: Doxorubicin, DRUG: Ifosfamide NCT01373515 Leukemic Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia COMPLETED Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Leukemic Dendritic Cell Vaccination BIOLOGICAL: DCP-001 NCT02543749 DC Vaccination in CML TERMINATED Myeloid Leukemia, Chronic BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccine NCT03034304 A Phase I Clinical Study for Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of MASCT-I in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors TERMINATED Advanced Solid Tumors INTERVENTIONAL NCT00849290 Immunotherapy For Men with Objective Disease Progression On Protocol D9902 Part B ( NCT00065442 ) COMPLETED Metastatic Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: APC8015F NCT02766348 Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Dendritic Cytotoxic Lymphocyte (DC-CTL) Cell Infusion in NSCLC Patients UNKNOWN NSCLC INTERVENTIONAL NCT00003222 Vaccine Therapy Plus Interleukin-2 in Treating Patients with Stage III or Stage IV Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: aldesleukin BIOLOGICAL: gp100 antigen BIOLOGICAL: incomplete Freund’s adjuvant BIOLOGICAL: sargramostim BIOLOGICAL: tetanus peptide melanoma vaccine BIOLOGICAL: tyrosinase peptide NCT05411497 Genetically Engineered Cells (MUC1-Activated T-Cells) for the Treatment of MUC1-Positive Recurrent or Refractory Multiple Myeloma ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Recurrent Plasma Cell Myeloma Refractory Plasma Cell Myeloma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02432846 Intratumoral Vaccination with Intuvax Pre-nephrectomy Followed by Sunitinib Post-nephrectomy vs. Sunitinib Post-nephrectomy in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) COMPLETED Renal Cell Carcinoma, Metastatic BIOLOGICAL: Intuvax (INN: ilixadencel), DRUG: Sunitinib NCT00006431 Active Immunotherapy of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Using Autologous Dendritic Cells Transfected with Autologous Total Tumor RNA UNKNOWN Renal Cell Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: DC RCC-RNA NCT06799026 A Phase 1 Study of Vaccination with Dendritic Cell (DC)/Multiple Myeloma (MM) Fusions in Combination with Elranatamab in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma RECRUITING Multiple Myeloma Relapse Multiple Myeloma Refractory Multiple Myeloma DRUG: Elranatamab BIOLOGICAL: GM-CSF, BIOLOGICAL: DC/MM Fusion Vaccine NCT03158480 Safety and Efficacy of Immune Therapy for Condyloma UNKNOWN Condylomata Acuminata INTERVENTIONAL NCT06253494 Pembrolizumab, Lenvatinib, and IL-15 Superagonist N-803 in Combination with HER2 Targeting Autologous Dendritic Cell (AdHER2DC) Vaccine in Participants with Advanced or Metastatic Endometrial Cancer RECRUITING Endometrial Cancer Cancer of Endometrium Carcinoma of Endometrium Endometrial Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00698776 Combination of Lenalidomide and Autologous Mature Dendritic Cells Pulsed with KRN7000 in Myeloma COMPLETED Myeloma DRUG: Lenalidomide BIOLOGICAL: Monocyte-derived DCs loaded with KRN7000 NCT06765876 CART123 T Cells in Relapsed or Refractory CD123 + Hematologic Malignancies: a Dose Escalation Phase I Trial RECRUITING Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute (AML), Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) INTERVENTIONAL NCT02334735 A Comparison of Matured Dendritic Cells and Montanide ® in Study Subjects with High Risk of Melanoma Recurrence COMPLETED Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: DC Vaccine BIOLOGICAL: Montanide Vaccine BIOLOGICAL: Poly-ICLC NCT06508463 Intravenous Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Patients with Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma RECRUITING Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma Relapsed Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Mycosis Fungoides Relapsed Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Relapsed Mycosis Fungoides PROCEDURE: Biopsy, PROCEDURE: Biospecimen Collection, PROCEDURE: Bone Marrow Biopsy, PROCEDURE: Computed Tomography, PROCEDURE: Positron Emission Tomography BIOLOGICAL: Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-expressing Human Interferon Beta and Sodium-Iodide Symporter PROCEDURE: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography BIOLOGICAL: Cemiplimab, BIOLOGICAL: Ipilimumab NCT00625755 A Phase I/II Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Vaccinations with Allogeneic Dendritic Cells: Autologous Tumor-Derived Cells Subjected to Electrofusions in Patients with AJCC Stage IV Renal Cell Carcinoma COMPLETED Renal Cell Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: Electrofusion DC vaccine NCT03871205 Neoantigen-primed DC Vaccines Therapy for Refractory Lung Cancer UNKNOWN Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma, Small Cell Lung INTERVENTIONAL NCT00003434 Biological Therapy in Stage I, Stage II, or Stage III Surgically Resected Pancreatic Cancer TERMINATED Pancreatic Cancer BIOLOGICAL: carcinoembryonic antigen peptide 1, BIOLOGICAL: hepatitis B antigen peptide NCT03386513 Study of IMGN632 in Patients with Untreated BPDCN and Relapsed/Refractory BPDCN ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm Myeloproliferative Neoplasm DRUG: IMGN632 NCT00003229 Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Who Are Undergoing Surgery for Lymph Node and Tumor Removal COMPLETED Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: aldesleukin, BIOLOGICAL: gp100 antigen, BIOLOGICAL: tyrosinase peptide NCT05086315 First-in-human Study of SAR443579 Infusion in Male and Female Children and Adult Participants with Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (R/R AML), B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL), High Risk-myelodysplasia (HR-MDS), or Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm (BPDCN) TERMINATED Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia, Acute Myeloid Leukaemia, Refractory Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasia DRUG: SAR443579 NCT06329908 DC Combined with ICIs in the Treatment of Advanced Lung Cancer Resistant to ICIs RECRUITING Lung Cancer DRUG: LG002 NCT00678119 Study Testing the Biologic Activity and Safety of an Immunotherapeutic in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Advanced Stage Kidney Cancer in Combination With a Marketed Renal Cell Carcinoma Treatment COMPLETED Renal Cell Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT06752473 KSD-101 Therapy for Standard Treatment Failed EBV-associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: an Exploratory Clinical Trial NOT_YET_RECRUITING Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC), EBV BIOLOGICAL: KSD-101 NCT00671554 Trial of Melaxin Cancer Vaccine Plus Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to Treat Malignant Melanoma TERMINATED Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: Melaxin (autologous dendritoma vaccine) and BCG NCT06370026 KSD-101 Therapy for Standard Treatment Failed EBV-associated NPC: an Exploratory Clinical Trial NOT_YET_RECRUITING Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: KSD-101 NCT01133704 Immunotherapy With APC8015 (Sipuleucel-T, Provenge) for Asymptomatic, Metastatic, Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT00913913 Bevacizumab, Autologous Tumor/DC Vaccine, IL-2, and IFNα-2b in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) Patients TERMINATED Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccine, DRUG: Bevacizumab, BIOLOGICAL: IL-2, BIOLOGICAL: IFN NCT02115126 Phase II Trial to Evaluate an EBV-derived Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Autologous Stem Cell Transplant WITHDRAWN Hodgkin Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT01189383 IL15 Dendritic Cell Vaccine for Patients with Resected Stage III (A, B, or C) or Stage IV Melanoma COMPLETED Malignant Melanoma Stage II, Malignant Melanoma Stage IV BIOLOGICAL: IL15-DC Vaccine NCT05631899 CAR-DC Vaccine and ICIs in Local Advanced/Metastatic Solid Tumors RECRUITING Solid Tumor, Adult, EphA2 Overexpression KRAS G12V, KRAS G12C, KRAS G12D BIOLOGICAL: KRAS-EphA-2-CAR-DC, DRUG: Abraxane DRUG: Cyclophosphamide DRUG: Anti-PD-1 antibody DRUG: Anti-CTLA4 Monoclonal Antibody NCT01926639 Phase II Cancer Vaccine Trial for Patients with Follicular Lymphoma COMPLETED Follicular Lymphoma BIOLOGICAL: Radiotherapy, rituximab, and DC NCT02248402 Autologous Dendritic Cell Therapy in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma UNKNOWN Multiple Myeloma BIOLOGICAL: Vax-DC/MM NCT06097793 KSD-101 Therapy for EBV-associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Exploratory Clinical Trial RECRUITING Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma BIOLOGICAL: KSD-101 NCT01096602 Blockade of PD-1 in Conjunction with the Dendritic Cell/AML Vaccine Following Chemotherapy-Induced Remission COMPLETED Acute Myelogenous Leukemia AML BIOLOGICAL: DC AML Vaccine NCT04612530 PANFIRE-3 Trial: Assessing Safety and Efficacy of Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) + Nivolumab + CpG for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer UNKNOWN Pancreatic Cancer Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT06639074 Folate Receptor Alpha Dendritic Cells (FRαDCs) or Placebo for the Treatment of Patients with Stage III or IV Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer, FAROUT Trial RECRUITING Advanced Fallopian Tube Carcinoma Advanced Fallopian Tube High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma Advanced Ovarian Carcinoma Advanced Ovarian Carcinosarcoma Advanced Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Advanced Ovarian Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma Advanced Ovarian High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma Advanced Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma Advanced Primary Peritoneal High Grade Serous Adenocarcinoma Fallopian Tube Carcinosarcoma Fallopian Tube Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Fallopian Tube Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma FIGO Stage III Ovarian Cancer 2014, FIGO Stage IV Ovarian Cancer 2014, Ovarian Mixed Cell Adenocarcinoma Primary Peritoneal Carcinosarcoma Primary Peritoneal Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Primary Peritoneal Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT00715104 Sipuleucel-T as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: Sipuleucel-T with Booster BIOLOGICAL: Sipuleucel-T without Booster NCT03600350 pTVG-HP and Nivolumab in Patients With Non-Metastatic PSA-Recurrent Prostate Cancer ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Prostate Cancer BIOLOGICAL: pTVG-HP, DRUG: Nivolumab, DRUG: GM-CSF NCT01339663 Vaccine Therapy Following Therapeutic Autologous Lymphocytes and Cyclophosphamide in Treating Patients With Metastatic Melanoma COMPLETED Recurrent Melanoma Stage IV Melanoma DRUG: cyclophosphamide BIOLOGICAL: aldesleukin BIOLOGICAL: autologous tumor cell vaccine OTHER: laboratory biomarker analysis OTHER: immunologic technique OTHER: immunohistochemistry staining method GENETIC: polymerase chain reaction BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous lymphocytes NCT03688178 DC Migration Study to Evaluate TReg Depletion In GBM Patients With and Without Varlilumab ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Glioblastoma BIOLOGICAL: Human CMV pp65-LAMP mRNA-pulsed autologous DCs DRUG: Temozolomide BIOLOGICAL: Varlilumab BIOLOGICAL: Td, BIOLOGICAL: Unpulsed DCs NCT06824064 Evaluation of RBS2418 in Patients with Advanced, Metastatic, and Progressive Colorectal Cancer RECRUITING Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Advanced Colorectal Cancer DRUG: RBS2418,DRUG: Placebo NCT05000801 Clinical Study of DC-AML Cells in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia RECRUITING Acute Myeloid Leukemia BIOLOGICAL: DC vaccine NCT01851733 MRI-Guided Laser Surgery and Doxorubicin Hydrochloride in Treating Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma Multiforme COMPLETED Glioblastoma DEVICE: MRI-guided Laser Heat Ablation (MLA), DRUG: Doxorubicin, OTHER: Blood draw - dendritic cells, DEVICE: Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging NCT02366728 DC Migration Study for Newly-Diagnosed GBM COMPLETED Glioblastoma Astrocytoma, Grade IV, Giant Cell Glioblastoma Glioblastoma Multiforme INTERVENTIONAL NCT05806814 Sipuleucel-T-Based Autologous Cellular Immunotherapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer RECRUITING Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) BIOLOGICAL: Sipuleucel-T NCT03393416 A Phase I Clinical Study for Evaluating the Safety of MASCT-I in Advanced Solid Tumor UNKNOWN Advanced Gastric Cancer BIOLOGICAL: MASCT-I, DRUG: PD1 antibody NCT03404193 Venetoclax and Decitabine in Treating Participants with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Relapsed High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Acute Myeloid Leukemia Acute Myeloid Leukemia Arising From Previous Myelodysplastic Syndrome Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia Myelodysplastic Syndrome Recurrent Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia Recurrent Acute Myeloid Leukemia Recurrent Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm Recurrent Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Recurrent Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Refractory Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm Refractory Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia Refractory Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia DRUG: Decitabine OTHER: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis DRUG: Venetoclax NCT03086564 A Basic-clinical Translational Research in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Specific Antigen Peptides and HepG2 Cell Lysate Co-activated Dendritic Cells Combined With Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) in HBV-related HCC Treatment (BTRHBVAPHCLCDCCTCHBVHCCT) COMPLETED Hepatocellular Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT04834544 A Study of Maintenance DCVAC/OvCa After First-line Chemotherapy Added Standard of Care RECRUITING Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma, Fallopian Tube Carcinoma, Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma COMBINATION_PRODUCT: DCVAC/OvCa, COMBINATION_PRODUCT: Placebo NCT05714306 PEP-DC and OC-DC Vaccine in High Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma WITHDRAWN Ovarian Carcinoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT02420873 An Open-label Phase II Study of Lorvotuzumab Mertansine COMPLETED Leukemia DRUG: Lorvotuzumab Mertansine (IMGN901) NCT03059485 DC/AML Fusion Cell Vaccine vs. Observation in Patients Who Achieve a Chemotherapy-induced Remission COMPLETED Acute Myelogenous Leukemia BIOLOGICAL: DC/AML Fusion Vaccine, OTHER: Observation NCT01487863 Concurrent vs. Sequential Sipuleucel-T & Abiraterone Treatment in Men With Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Prostate Cancer Metastatic Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01734304 DC Vaccination for Postremission Therapy in AML COMPLETED Acute Myeloid Leukemia INTERVENTIONAL NCT03782064 Dendritic Cell (DC)/Myeloma Fusions in Combination with Nivolumab in Patients with Relapsed Multiple Myeloma TERMINATED Multiple Myeloma DRUG: Nivolumab, BIOLOGICAL: DC/myeloma fusions/GM-CSF NCT04491084 FLT3 Ligand, CD40 Agonist Antibody, and Stereotactic Radiotherapy TERMINATED Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Lung Cancer DRUG: FLT3 Ligand (CDX-301),BIOLOGICAL: anti-CD40 antibody (CDX-1140),RADIATION: SBRT NCT02546102 Phase 3 Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Study of ICT-107 in Glioblastoma SUSPENDED Glioblastoma Multiforme BIOLOGICAL: ICT-107,BIOLOGICAL: Placebo NCT03514836 A Phase I/II, Safety Clinical Trial of DCVAC/PCa and ONCOS-102 in Men with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer TERMINATED Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT04679194 Study of Mana 312 (Multi Tumor-Associated Antigen T Cells) in Adults With AML/MDS After HSCT TERMINATED AML/MDS BIOLOGICAL: Mana 312 NCT06100705 Sipuleucel-T Combined with Bipolar Androgen Therapy in Men with MCRPC RECRUITING Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer DRUG: Testosterone Cypionate, DRUG: Sipuleucel-T NCT01522820 Vaccine Therapy with or Without Sirolimus in Treating Patients With NY-ESO-1 Expressing Solid Tumors COMPLETED Anaplastic Astrocytoma Anaplastic Oligoastrocytoma Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma, Estrogen Receptor Negative, Estrogen Receptor Positive, Glioblastoma, Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma, Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer, Recurrent Adult Brain Neoplasm, Recurrent Bladder Carcinoma, Recurrent Breast Carcinoma, Recurrent Colorectal Carcinoma, Recurrent Esophageal Carcinoma, Recurrent Gastric Carcinoma, Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Recurrent Lung Carcinoma, Recurrent Melanoma, Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma, Recurrent Prostate Carcinoma, Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma, Recurrent Uterine Corpus Carcinoma, Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Stage IA Breast Cancer, Stage IA Ovarian Cancer, Stage IA Uterine Corpus Cancer, Stage IB Breast Cancer, Stage IB Ovarian Cancer, Stage IB Uterine Corpus Cancer, Stage IC Ovarian Cancer, Stage II Uterine Corpus Cancer, Stage IIA Breast Cancer, Stage IIA Lung Carcinoma, Stage IIA Ovarian Cancer, Stage IIB Breast Cancer, Stage IIB Esophageal Cancer, Stage IIB Lung Carcinoma, Stage IIB Ovarian Cancer, Stage IIB Skin Melanoma, Stage IIC Ovarian Cancer, Stage IIC Skin Melanoma, Stage IIIA Breast Cancer, Stage IIIA Esophageal Cancer, Stage IIIA Lung Carcinoma, Stage IIIA Ovarian Cancer, Stage IIIA Skin Melanoma, Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Cancer, Stage IIIB Breast Cancer, Stage IIIB Esophageal Cancer, Stage IIIB Ovarian Cancer, Stage IIIB Skin Melanoma, Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Cancer, Stage IIIC Breast Cancer, Stage IIIC Esophageal Cancer, Stage IIIC Ovarian Cancer, Stage IIIC Skin Melanoma, Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Cancer, Stage IV Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma, Stage IV Esophageal Cancer, Stage IV Ovarian Cancer, Stage IV Prostate Cancer, Stage IV Skin Melanoma, Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Cancer, Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Cancer BIOLOGICAL: DEC-205/NY-ESO-1 Fusion Protein CDX-1401, OTHER: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis, OTHER: Pharmacological Study, DRUG: Sirolimus NCT01521143 Cvac as Maintenance Treatment in Patients With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in Complete Remission Following First-line Chemotherapy or Second-line Treatment TERMINATED Epithelial Ovarian Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02465268 Vaccine Therapy for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme COMPLETED Glioblastoma Multiforme, Glioblastoma, Malignant Glioma, Astrocytoma, Grade IV, GBM BIOLOGICAL: pp65-shLAMP DC with GM-CSF, BIOLOGICAL: unpulsed PBMC and saline, DRUG: Td, DRUG: Saline, BIOLOGICAL: pp65-flLAMP DC with GM-CSF NCT00090896 CP-675,206 (CTLA4-Blocking Monoclonal Antibody) Combined With Dendritic Cell Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients With Stage III or Stage IV Melanoma That Cannot Be Removed With Surgery COMPLETED Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: maximum tolerated dose of anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 monoclonal antibody NCT06507891 A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Tolerance, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of TQ-A3334 Tablets TERMINATED Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01331915 Safety and Toxicity Study of Vaccination for Advanced Metastatic Melanoma Patients UNKNOWN Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: Theravac NCT03017820 A Vaccine (VSV-hIFNβ-NIS) With or Without Cyclophosphamide and Combinations of Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, and Cemiplimab in Treating Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, or Lymphoma RECRUITING B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Histiocytic and Dendritic Cell Neoplasm, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Previously Treated Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Recurrent Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Recurrent Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Recurrent Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma, Recurrent Mycosis Fungoides, Recurrent Plasma Cell Myeloma, Recurrent Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Recurrent T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Refractory Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma, Refractory Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma, Refractory Mycosis Fungoides, Refractory Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma, Not Otherwise Specified, Refractory Plasma Cell Myeloma, Refractory Primary Cutaneous T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Refractory T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma PROCEDURE: Biopsy, PROCEDURE: Biospecimen Collection, PROCEDURE: Bone Marrow Biopsy, PROCEDURE: Computed Tomography, DRUG: Cyclophosphamide, PROCEDURE: Positron Emission Tomography, BIOLOGICAL: Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-expressing Human Interferon Beta and Sodium-Iodide Symporter, PROCEDURE: Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography, BIOLOGICAL: Cemiplimab, DRUG: Ruxolitinib NCT03282188 REO13 Melanoma with or Without GM-CSF WITHDRAWN Melanoma, Cancer of Skin BIOLOGICAL: Reolysin, DRUG: GM-CSF NCT00617409 To Immunize Patients with Extensive Stage SCLC Combined with Chemo with or Without All Trans Retinoic Acid COMPLETED Small Cell Lung Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT01456065 Safety of Active Immunotherapy in Subjects with Ovarian Cancer UNKNOWN Ovarian Epithelial Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT00006113 Vaccine Therapy Followed by Biological Therapy in Treating Patients with Stage III or Stage IV Melanoma TERMINATED Melanoma (Skin) BIOLOGICAL: MART-1 antigen, BIOLOGICAL: aldesleukin, BIOLOGICAL: gp100 antigen, BIOLOGICAL: recombinant CD40-ligand, BIOLOGICAL: recombinant interferon gamma, BIOLOGICAL: recombinant interleukin-4, BIOLOGICAL: sargramostim, BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic autologous dendritic cells, BIOLOGICAL: therapeutic tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, BIOLOGICAL: tyrosinase peptide, RADIATION: Candida albicans skin test reagent NCT00706862 Safety and Efficacy of Talactoferrin in Addition to Standard Chemotherapy in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer UNKNOWN Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT00844506 p53 Synthetic Long Peptides Vaccine with Cyclophosphamide for Ovarian Cancer COMPLETED Ovarian Cancer DRUG: P53-SLP vaccine, DRUG: Cyclophosphamide NCT04273815 A Study to Evaluate the Tolerance, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of TQ-A3334 Tablets UNKNOWN Non-small Cell Lung Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT03542669 Study of 6b11-OCIK Injection Treatment in Patients with Recurrent Drug-resistant Ovarian Cancer UNKNOWN Recurrent Ovarian Carcinoma, Platinum-resistant Ovarian Cancer DRUG: 6B11-OCIK Injection, DRUG: Doxorubicin NCT03396575 Brain Stem Gliomas Treated with Adoptive Cellular Therapy During Focal Radiotherapy Recovery Alone or With Dose-intensified Temozolomide (Phase I) TERMINATED Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG), Brain Stem Glioma BIOLOGICAL: TTRNA-DC vaccines with GM-CSF, BIOLOGICAL: TTRNA-xALT, DRUG: Cyclophosphamide + Fludarabine Lymphodepletive Conditioning, DRUG: Dose-Intensified TMZ, DRUG: Td vaccine, BIOLOGICAL: Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) NCT02405338 DC Vaccination for Post-remission Therapy in AML COMPLETED Acute Myeloid Leukemia INTERVENTIONAL NCT01981122 A Study of Sipuleucel-T With Administration of Enzalutamide in Men with Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Metastatic Prostate Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02310971 Cvac as Maintenance Treatment for Patients with Resected Stage I or Stage II Adenocarcinoma (Cancer) of the Pancreas WITHDRAWN Pancreatic Carcinoma Stage, Pancreatic Carcinoma Stage II BIOLOGICAL: CVac NCT02129075 A Vaccine (CDX-1401) With or Without a Biologic Drug (CDX-301) for the Treatment of Patients with Stage IIB-IV Melanoma COMPLETED Cutaneous Melanoma, Melanoma, Melanoma of Unknown Primary, Mucosal Melanoma, Ocular Melanoma, Stage IIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7, Stage IIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7, Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7, Stage IIIA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7, Stage IIIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7, Stage IIIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7, Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7 INTERVENTIONAL NCT03686683 Open-Label Trial of Sipuleucel-T Administered to Active Surveillance Patients for Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer COMPLETED Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate BIOLOGICAL: sipuleucel-T NCT02403778 Ipilimumab and All-Trans Retinoic Acid Combination Treatment of Advanced Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT06072612 Study of the Bria-IMT Regimen and CPI vs. Physicians’ Choice in Advanced Metastatic Breast Cancer. RECRUITING Breast Cancer, Metastatic Breast Cancer, Breast Neoplasm, Breast Cancer Metastatic, End Stage Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02754362 A Toll-like Receptor Agonist as an Adjuvant to Tumor Associated Antigens (TAA) Mixed with Montanide ISA-51 VG With Bevacizumab for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma WITHDRAWN Glioblastoma, Glioma DRUG: Bevacizumab, BIOLOGICAL: Peptide Vaccine, DRUG: Poly-ICLC as immune adjuvant, DRUG: Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) NCT00460629 Prophylactic Transfer of Leukemia-reactive T Cells After Allogeneic Transplantation COMPLETED Chronic Myeloid Leukemia INTERVENTIONAL NCT00815607 Trial of an Intertumoral Injections of INXN-3001 in Subjects with Stage III or IV Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma INTERVENTIONAL NCT01066390 A Study on the Safety and Immunogenicity of Combined Intradermal and Intravenous Administration of an Autologous mRNA Electroporated Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Patients With Previously Treated Unresectable Stage III or IV Melanoma COMPLETED Melanoma BIOLOGICAL: TriMix-DC NCT00053131 Combination Chemotherapy Followed By Filgrastim or Sargramostim in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia COMPLETED Leukemia INTERVENTIONAL NCT03970746 Safety, Immunogenicity, and Preliminary Clinical Activity Study of PDC*lung01 Cancer Vaccine in NSCLC ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer INTERVENTIONAL NCT02137889 Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of VAY736 in Relapsed or Refractory CLL Patients TERMINATED Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) DRUG: VAY736 NCT00397579 DT388IL3 Fusion Protein in Treating Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndromes COMPLETED Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm DRUG: DT388IL3 NCT03489616 Chemotherapy Combination with Local Radiotherapy and rhGM-CSF for Oligometastatic Stage IV NSCLC Patients UNKNOWN Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung INTERVENTIONAL

Conclusions

Emerging data have shown that DC EVs are a promising cell-free approach for cancer immunotherapy with the potential to yield immune cell-like activities. Notably, DC EVs can present different immunogenic antigens, tumor-associated antigens, and even immune-modulating molecules with putative application for numerous preclinical studies and clinical settings. Although it cannot be said with much certainty about the therapeutic efficiency of DC EVs, these particles can provide numerous advantages compared to traditional cell-based therapies, such as suitable stability, lack of immune rejection, and ability to be easily manipulated. Unfortunately, challenges such as optimum dose, standard protocols for DC culture, and collection of DC EVs should be addressed. Besides, the translation of basic and pre-clinical data into human medicine requires several clinical trials, paving the way for advancing personalized medicine and de novo cancer medication.

Abbreviations

5-fluorouracil

Antigen-presenting cells

Chimeric antigen receptor

Conventional dendritic cells

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

DC-specific adhesion molecules

Dendritic cells

EVs-based hybrid nanostructure

Exosomes

Extracellular matrix

Extracellular vesicles

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting

Follicular dendritic cells

Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor

Immune checkpoint inhibitors

Immune checkpoint proteins

Interleukin

Intraluminal vesicles

Langerhans cells

Lipopolysaccharide

Magnetic NPs

Magnetic-activated cell sorting

Major histocompatibility complex

Microvesicles

Milk fat globule

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Multivesicular bodies

Nanoparticles

Natural killer cells

Pattern-recognition receptors

Peptide-bound MHC

Phosphatidylserine

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells

Regulatory T cells

Single-chain variable fragment

T-cell receptor

Toll-like receptor

Transforming growth factor-β receptor I

Tumor microenvironment

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Acknowledgements

The Authors would like to thank the personnel of the Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences for their help and guidance. The authors declare that they have not used AI-generated work in this manuscript.

Author contributions

F.V.N., P.N-M., B.M., Z.M., and P.K. collected data and wrote the manuscript. R.R. conceptualized and supervised the study and acquired funding.

Funding

The present study was supported by a grant (No: 73616) from Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and under the ethical code of IR.TBZMED.VCR.REC.1403.050. The funding sources had no role in the design of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, or in writing this manuscript or deciding to submit it for publication.

Data availability

No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

No human and/or animal samples were used in the current manuscript. The study was registered as titled “The effect of LXR signaling pathway stimulation on the function of dendritic cells juxtaposed to colon cancer stem cells” to the Research Ethics Committees of the Vice-Chancellor in Research Affairs, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Approval Date: 2024-05-06).

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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