Choosing the optimal maintenance strategy in multiple myeloma.

While lenalidomide has been the established standard of care for maintenance after autologous stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, risk-adapted maintenance strategies with the addition of proteasome inhibitors can provide additional benefit in high-risk disease. The widespread use of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in induction and consolidation has further disrupted this paradigm, offering the use of anti-CD38 mAbs in maintenance. Novel immunotherapeutic approaches and minimal residual disease-guided maintenance strategies are being actively investigated. The evolution of maintenance strategies provides a window to a future where maintenance therapy is not only more effective at sustaining deep and durable responses but also more dynamic with careful de-escalation strategies.