Exploring global variations in the quality of patient information videos for keratoplasty.

BACKGROUND

Healthcare information is easily accessible on YouTube; however, it is unregulated and the quality varies considerably. This study evaluates the causes for variation in the quality of corneal transplantation patient information videos on YouTube.

METHODS

YouTube was searched using "corneal transplant" and the variations for penetrating and lamellar transplants. The results were deduplicated and screened for inclusion by two independent reviewers. A modified DISCERN tool was used to evaluate the quality of each video by two observers independently. Differences in quality were assessed by production location and legality of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising.

RESULTS

Twenty-two videos were included in this study and the mean overall DISCERN score was 2.05 out of 5 (standard deviation = 1.09). Videos scored the highest in relevance to corneal transplant (mean 4.05) and lowest in explaining which patients are unsuitable (mean 1.00) and supporting shared decision-making (mean 1.05). The video with highest viewer engagement was created by McMaster University students. Videos produced in the United States (US) discussed uncertainty and risk less frequently (49% and 43% less, respectively [P < 0.05]) than videos released outside the US.

CONCLUSIONS

Quality of YouTube content is variable and the lack of clarity over corneal transplant subtypes can be confusing for patients. There is considerable scope to improve visuals within videos to supplement verbal information in clinic, alongside tailoring information to the relevant age demographic. Essential components frequently lacking include risk, especially where DTC advertising is legal. While videos may be a useful supplement they should not be relied on for comprehensive material.