PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026
Early social gaze fixation and later inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms in children: A longitudinal population-based cohort study.
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Orui Masatsugu, Ishikuro Mami, Obara Taku, Murakami Keiko, Noda Aoi, Shinoda Genki, Metoki Hirohito, Kikuya Masahiro, Nakaya Naoki, Nishimura Tomoko, Tanaka Keiko, Miyake Yoshihiro, Hozawa Atsushi, Tsuchiya Kenji J, Kuriyama Shinichi
Аннотация
AIM: To examine whether gaze patterns related to ASD are also associated with later inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms and whether such gaze patterns may reflect broader neurodevelopmental vulnerability.
METHODS: Using data from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study, we examined whether gaze fixation on social information at age 4 was longitudinally associated with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms at age 8. Of 6571 children with gaze data, 3043 whose caregivers completed the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) were included. Social gaze-defined as fixation on the eyes in human-face stimuli and on people in people-geometry stimuli-was measured using Gazefinder®. Percentile scores for inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were analyzed separately for boys and girls using generalized linear models.
RESULTS: In boys, shorter gaze fixation on social information at age 4 was significantly associated with higher inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity percentiles at age 8. In girls, no significant associations were observed in the primary complete-case analyses after full adjustment; however, significant associations for the small window stimulus emerged after inverse-probability weighting.
CONCLUSION: Reduced social gaze at age 4, measured using an eye-tracking system originally developed for ASD, was associated with later inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms. These findings suggest that early alterations in social gaze may represent a developmental characteristic associated with broader neurodevelopmental vulnerability and later behavioral symptoms, including inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.
METHODS: Using data from the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study, we examined whether gaze fixation on social information at age 4 was longitudinally associated with inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms at age 8. Of 6571 children with gaze data, 3043 whose caregivers completed the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) were included. Social gaze-defined as fixation on the eyes in human-face stimuli and on people in people-geometry stimuli-was measured using Gazefinder®. Percentile scores for inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity were analyzed separately for boys and girls using generalized linear models.
RESULTS: In boys, shorter gaze fixation on social information at age 4 was significantly associated with higher inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity percentiles at age 8. In girls, no significant associations were observed in the primary complete-case analyses after full adjustment; however, significant associations for the small window stimulus emerged after inverse-probability weighting.
CONCLUSION: Reduced social gaze at age 4, measured using an eye-tracking system originally developed for ASD, was associated with later inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms. These findings suggest that early alterations in social gaze may represent a developmental characteristic associated with broader neurodevelopmental vulnerability and later behavioral symptoms, including inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.