Dual regulatory roles and mechanisms of Gamma delta T cells in organ fibrosis.

Gamma delta T (γδ T) cells constitute a distinctive subset of T lymphocytes, accounting for approximately 1-5% of peripheral blood leukocytes. They play significant roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. Organ fibrosis, a common and irreversible pathological endpoint in numerous chronic diseases, severely worsens patient prognosis and quality of life. Accumulating evidence indicates that γδ T cells exert critical regulatory functions in both the initiation and progression of fibrosis across various organs. This review summarises the current understanding of the roles and mechanisms of γδ T cells in organ fibrosis and proposes a conceptual framework integrating subset identity, tissue-specific cues, cytokine-driven activation, and disease stage as key determinants of pro-fibrotic versus anti-fibrotic outcomes.