Pregnancy and inflammatory bowel disease: a review of the literature.

This review encompasses fertility with inflammatory bowel disease, risk of inheritance, effects of inflammatory bowel disease on pregnancy, effects of pregnancy on inflammatory bowel disease, effects of treatment on the mother and child, and pregnancy after proctocolectomy with ileostomy. Fertility is minimally, if at all, compromised. The fetus is likely to survive despite disease activity. Inactive disease favors a normal pregnancy. Active disease may worsen during the first trimester or the puerperium. Close medical supervision allows therapy to be instituted promptly. Patients with Crohn's disease who have medically induced remissions may fare less well than those who have undergone a successful operation. Previous surgery does not preclude vaginal delivery. Sulfasalazine and corticosteroids may be used. Patients with extensive fistulas may require cesarean section. There are few reasons to consider therapeutic abortion.