Journal of mid-life health · 2026
Comprehensive Meta-analysis of Risk Factors for Breast Cancer among Indian Women.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Seshadri Jyothi G, Garg Ruchika, Shivaram Swetha
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among Indian women due to change in life style, reproductive patterns and rapid urbanization.
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted for case control studies published between January 2010 and April 2025. Data were extracted from 19 studies. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) ,heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics, while publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test. Study quality was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS: Sociodemographic risks included unmarried status (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.09-3.54) and late age at marriage > 21 years (OR= 2.66; 95% CI: 1.90-3.73). Family history of breast cancer doubled the risk (OR=2.35; 95% CI: 1.73-3.18), and past benign breast disease showed a strong association (OR=4.28; 95% CI: 2.50-7.35). Central obesity (WHR > 0.85) significantly increased risk (OR=2.74; 95% CI: 1.85-4.07), although BMI > 25 kg/m² alone was not significant. Lifestyle factors such as non-vegetarian diet (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.19-2.21), tobacco use (OR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.24-2.24), and high-fat diet (OR=4.20; 95% CI: 2.76-6.42) demonstrated strong associations. Reproductive risk factors-including early menarche (OR =1.95), late menopause (OR=1.92), OCP use (OR=2.01), low parity (OR=1.52), previous abortions (OR=2.48), and breastfeeding <6 months (OR= 4.12)-were all significantly linked to higher risk. Several subgroups exhibited notable heterogeneity and occasional publication bias.
CONCLUSION: Modifiable risks present critical opportunities for prevention.Women with non-modifiable factors warrant targeted screening and risk stratification.
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted for case control studies published between January 2010 and April 2025. Data were extracted from 19 studies. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) ,heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics, while publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test. Study quality was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS: Sociodemographic risks included unmarried status (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.09-3.54) and late age at marriage > 21 years (OR= 2.66; 95% CI: 1.90-3.73). Family history of breast cancer doubled the risk (OR=2.35; 95% CI: 1.73-3.18), and past benign breast disease showed a strong association (OR=4.28; 95% CI: 2.50-7.35). Central obesity (WHR > 0.85) significantly increased risk (OR=2.74; 95% CI: 1.85-4.07), although BMI > 25 kg/m² alone was not significant. Lifestyle factors such as non-vegetarian diet (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.19-2.21), tobacco use (OR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.24-2.24), and high-fat diet (OR=4.20; 95% CI: 2.76-6.42) demonstrated strong associations. Reproductive risk factors-including early menarche (OR =1.95), late menopause (OR=1.92), OCP use (OR=2.01), low parity (OR=1.52), previous abortions (OR=2.48), and breastfeeding <6 months (OR= 4.12)-were all significantly linked to higher risk. Several subgroups exhibited notable heterogeneity and occasional publication bias.
CONCLUSION: Modifiable risks present critical opportunities for prevention.Women with non-modifiable factors warrant targeted screening and risk stratification.