Severe Rh disease--poor outcome is not inevitable.

Most centers report only moderate success in the intrauterine treatment of severe Rh-isoimmune hemolytic disease. For the hydropic fetus, the prognosis is poor. Innovations in the assessment, treatment, and follow-up of the severely affected fetus have yielded more encouraging results. Among the 24 fetuses receiving a refined management plan, instituted in June, 1980, survival rates were 100% in the nonhydropic fetus and 75% in the hydropic fetus. Improved fetal evaluation by means of extensive real-time ultrasonography allows more exact assessment of stage of disease, safer performance of intrauterine transfusion, and a direct picture of the fetal response to treatment. The intrauterine transfusion procedure differs in many aspects from those used in other centers and is notable mostly because of the absence of traumatic fetal death since the present program began. This improvement and the absence of neonatal death have resulted in 92% survival rate among the fetuses transfused. The success of this integrated team approach suggests revision of the pessimism toward the fetus with severe Rh disease.