BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2018
Academic performance in adolescents aged 15-16 years born after frozen embryo transfer compared with fresh embryo transfer: a nationwide registry-based cohort study.
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Spangmose A L, Malchau S S, Henningsen A A, Forman J L, Rasmussen S, Loft A, Schmidt L, Pinborg A
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To assess academic performance in singletons aged 15-16 years conceived after frozen embryo transfer (FET) compared with singletons born after fresh embryo transfer (ET) in Danish cohorts born from 1995 to 2001.
DESIGN: Danish national registry-based cohort study.
SETTING: Danish national registries.
POPULATION: All 6495 singletons conceived after assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in Denmark from 1995 to 2001 [FET (n) = 423; fresh ET (n) = 6072].
METHODS: Mean test scores on a national standardised and international comparable grading-scale. Comparisons of test score were first made in univariate analysis (Model 1) and secondly in a multivariate linear model (Model 2) adjusting for relevant reproductive and socio-demographic covariates such as the occupational and educational level of the parents. Sensitivity analyses on FET-IVF (in vitro fertilisation) versus fresh ET-IVF and FET-ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) versus fresh ET-ICSI were made. Linear mixed models were used to account for the correlation in test scores of siblings for continuous outcome.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean overall test score and test score in Danish, mathematics, English, and physics/chemistry.
RESULTS: Crude and adjusted mean test scores were similar for adolescents conceived after FET compared with fresh ET. The crude mean difference was +0.11 (95% CI -0.11; 0.34), and the adjusted mean difference was +0.12 (95% CI -0.09; 0.34).
CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents conceived after FET had similar academic performance at 15-16 of years of age compared with children conceived after fresh ET.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Using frozen embryos in fertility treatment does not affect school performance in Danish adolescents aged 15-16 years.
DESIGN: Danish national registry-based cohort study.
SETTING: Danish national registries.
POPULATION: All 6495 singletons conceived after assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in Denmark from 1995 to 2001 [FET (n) = 423; fresh ET (n) = 6072].
METHODS: Mean test scores on a national standardised and international comparable grading-scale. Comparisons of test score were first made in univariate analysis (Model 1) and secondly in a multivariate linear model (Model 2) adjusting for relevant reproductive and socio-demographic covariates such as the occupational and educational level of the parents. Sensitivity analyses on FET-IVF (in vitro fertilisation) versus fresh ET-IVF and FET-ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) versus fresh ET-ICSI were made. Linear mixed models were used to account for the correlation in test scores of siblings for continuous outcome.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean overall test score and test score in Danish, mathematics, English, and physics/chemistry.
RESULTS: Crude and adjusted mean test scores were similar for adolescents conceived after FET compared with fresh ET. The crude mean difference was +0.11 (95% CI -0.11; 0.34), and the adjusted mean difference was +0.12 (95% CI -0.09; 0.34).
CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents conceived after FET had similar academic performance at 15-16 of years of age compared with children conceived after fresh ET.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Using frozen embryos in fertility treatment does not affect school performance in Danish adolescents aged 15-16 years.