Differences in meconium stained amniotic fluid in an Australian population: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND

Meconium stained amniotic fluid commonly occurs postdates ( >40 weeks gestation) indicating fetal maturity. Previous literature indicates that different ethnicities mature at different rates.

AIM: To compare the rate of meconium stained amniotic fluid of Australian-born and non-Australian born women.

METHODS

A retrospective correlation study design was implemented, using data collected in the birth outcomes system at one tertiary hospital. Data was collected from all women who gave birth to a term (>/=37 weeks gestation), singleton, liveborn baby between January 1st to December 31st, 2014. Maternal country of birth was used for comparison. Categorical data was analyzed using Chi-Square test for Independence. Continuous variables were assessed for normality, and differences were compared using an Independent t-test or a Mann-Whitney U test. All tests were two-tailed and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

3,041 women were included; 1131 Australian-born and 1910 non-Australian born. Meconium stained amniotic fluid occurred more frequently in non-Australian born women compared to Australian-born women (23.5% vs. 19.8 p=0.02). Their babies were significantly smaller (Mean=3265g, Standard Deviation 463.8 vs Mean=3442g, Standard Deviation 499.2, p<0.001), with no difference in gestational length (Mean=39.4, Standard Deviation 1.28 vs Mean=39.5, Standard Deviation 1.18, p=0.06). Increasing gestational age had the strongest association with meconium stained amniotic fluid; >/=42 weeks gestation occurring 3.52 (95% Confidence Interval: 2.00, 6.22, p=<0.001) more than <40 weeks gestation.

CONCLUSION

Maternity health services should record ethnicity and region of birth to provide individualised care as women born overseas often have poorer perinatal outcomes when compared to Australian-born women.