Infant death after nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes ammodytes) bite in Croatia: A case report.

A case of a 45-day-old male infant, bitten on the neck by nose-horned viper (Vipera ammodytes ammodytes), is reported. This episode occurred while the baby was on a picnic with his parents in a hill near a town in southern Croatia. In spite of immediate arrival at hospital, where antivenom was administrated and all the necessary treatment measures were carried out, the infant died 6 h following the bite. The cause of death was severe and progressive hyperkalaemia, massive intravascular haemolysis, severe coagulopathy and myocardial dysfunction.