The content is available as a PDF (6.5 MB).
References
1. Lautt WW, Greenway CV. Conceptual review of the hepatic vascular bed. Hepatology. 1987;7:952. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840070527.
2. Richman SM, Delman AJ, Grob D. Alterations in indices of liver function in congestive heart failure with particular reference to serum enzymes. Am J Med. 1961;30:211. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(61)90093-6.
3. Runyon BA. Cardiac ascites: a characterization. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1988;10:410. doi: 10.1097/00004836-198808000-00013.
4. Hickman PE, Potter JM. Mortality associated with ischemic hepatitis. Aust NZ J Med. 1990;20:32. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1990.tb00366.x.
5. Fuchs S, Bogomolski-Yahalom V, Paltiel O. Ischemic hepatitis. Clinical and laboratory observations of 34 patients. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1998;26:183. doi: 10.1097/00004836-199804000-00007.
6. Bacon BR, Joshi SN, Granger DN. Ischemia, congestive heart failure, Budd-Chiari syndrome, and veno-occlusive disease. In: Kaplowitz N, editor. Liver and biliary diseases. 2nd edn. Williams & Wilkins; Philadelphia: 1996. p. 421.
7. Garland JS, Werlin SL, Rice TB. Ischemic hepatitis in children, diagnosis and clinical course. Med Crit Care. 1988;16:1209. doi: 10.1097/00003246-198812000-00006.
8. Naschitz JE, Slobodin G, Lewis RJ. Heart diseases affecting the liver and liver diseases affecting the heart. Am Heart J. 2000;140:111. doi: 10.1067/mhj.2000.107177.
9. Naschitz JE, Yeshurun D, Shahar J. Cardiogenic hepatorenal syndrome. Angiology. 1990;41:893. doi: 10.1177/000331979004101101.
10. Seeto R, Fenn B, Rockey DC. Ischemic hepatitis: clinical presentation and pathogenesis. Am J Med. 2000;109:109. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00461-7.
11. Henrion J, Schapira M, Luwaert R. Hypoxic hepatitis. Clinical and hemodynamic study in 142 consecutive cases. Medicine. 2003;82:392. doi: 10.1097/01.md.0000101573.54295.bd.
12. Kew M, Bersohn I, Seftel H. Liver damage in heat stroke. Am J Med. 1970;49:192. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(70)80075-4.
13. Hassanein T, Razack A, Gavaler J. Heat stroke: its clinical and pathological presentation, with particular attention to the liver. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;87:1382.
14. Rubel LR, Ishak KG. The liver in fatal exertional heat stroke. Liver. 1983;3:249. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0676.1983.tb00875.x.
15. Deviere J, Reuse C, Askenasi R. Ischemic pancreatitis and hepatitis secondary to ergotamine poisoning. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1987;9:350. doi: 10.1097/00004836-198706000-00022.
16. Ussery XT, Henar EL, Black DD. Acute liver injury after protracted seizures in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1989;9:421. doi: 10.1097/00005176-198911000-00004.
17. Gibson PR, Dudley FJ. Ischemic hepatitis: clinical features, diagnosis, and prognosis. Aust NZ J Med. 1984;14:822. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.1984.tb03780.x.
18. Gitlin N, Serio KM. Ischemic hepatitis: widening horizons. Am J Gastroenterol. 1992;87:831.
19. Bynum TE, Boitnott JK, Maddrey WC. Ischemic hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci. 1979;24:129. doi: 10.1007/BF01324740.
20. Rhodes A, Eastwood JB, Smith SA. Early acute hepatitis with parenteral amiodarone: a toxic effect of the vehicle? Gut. 1993;34:565. doi: 10.1136/gut.34.4.565.
21. Tosetti C, Ongari M, Evangelisti A. Acute hepatotoxicity from amiodarone. Minerva Medica. 1995;86:387.
22. Potter JM, Hickman PE. Cardiodepressant drugs and the high mortality rate associated with ischemic hepatitis. Crit Care Med. 1992;20:474. doi: 10.1097/00003246-199204000-00007.
23. Bonkovsky HL, Kane RE, Jones DP. Acute hepatic and renal toxicity from low doses of acetaminophen in the absence of alcohol abuse or malnutrition: evidence for increased susceptibility to drug toxicity due to cardiopulmonary and renal insufficiency. Hepatology. 1994;19:1141.
24. Lowe MD, Harcombe AA, Grace AA. Restrictive-constrictive heart failure masquerading as liver disease. Br Med J. 1999;318:585. doi: 10.1136/bmj.318.7183.585.
25. Van der Merwe S, Dens J, Daenen W. Pericardial disease is often not recognized as a cause of chronic severe ascites. J Hepatol. 2000;32:164. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(00)80204-4.
26. Arora A, Seth S, Acharya SK. Hepatic coma as a presenting feature of constrictive pericarditis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88:430.
27. Manga P, Vythilingum S, Mitha AS. Pulsatile hepatomegaly in constrictive pericarditis. Br Heart J. 1984;52:465. doi: 10.1136/hrt.52.4.465.
28. Braunwald E. Disorders of cardiovascular disease. In: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, editors. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 15th edn. McGraw Hill; New York: 2005. pp. 1301–1495.
29. Solano FX, Young E, Talamo TS. Constrictive pericarditis mimicking Budd-Chiari syndrome. Am J Med. 1986;80:113. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90058-6.
30. Arora A, Tandon N, Sharma MP. Constrictive pericarditis masquerading as Budd-Chiari syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1991;13:178. doi: 10.1097/00004836-199104000-00012.
31. Tagami H, Utoh J, Kunitomo R. Hepatic surgery after surgical repair of constrictive pericarditis. Jpn J Thorac Surg. 2000;53:567.
32. Whelan G, Pierce AK, Schenker S. Hepatic function in patients with hypoxaemia due to chronic pulmonary disease. Aust Ann Med. 1969;18:243. doi: 10.1111/imj.1969.18.3.243.
33. Mathurin P, Durand F, Ganne N. Ischemic hepatitis due to obstructive sleep apnea. Gastroenterology. 1995;109:1682. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90659-2.
34. Henrion J, Colin L, Schapira M. Hypoxic hepatitis caused by severe hypoxemia from obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1997;24:245. doi: 10.1097/00004836-199706000-00013.
35. Henrion J, Minette P, Colin L. Hypoxic hepatitis caused by acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory failure: a case-controlled, hemodynamic study of 17 consecutive cases. Hepatology. 1999;29:427. doi: 10.1002/hep.510290202.
36. Chin K, Nakamura T, Takahashi K. Effects of obstructive sleep apnea on serum aminotransferase levels in obese patients. Am J Med. 2003;114:370. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(02)01570-x.
37. Scott HW, Law DH, Sandstead HH. Jejunoileal shunt in surgical treatment of morbid obesity. Ann Surg. 1970;171:770. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197005000-00017.
38. Bo-Linn GW. Obesity, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and other eating disorders. In: Slesinger MH, Fordtran JS, editors. Gastrointestinal disease. 5th edn. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 1993. pp. 2109–2136.
39. Jewell WR, Hermreck AS, Hardin CA. Complications of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Arch Surg. 1975;110:1039. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1975.01360140183036.
40. Kirkpatrick JR. Jejunoileal bypass: a legacy of late complications. Arch Surg. 1987;122:610. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1987.01400170116017.
41. Dean P, Joshi S, Kaminski D. Long-term outcome of reversal of small intestinal bypass operations. Am J Surg. 1990;159:118. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80616-6.
42. Hamilton DL, Vest TK, Brown BS. Liver injury with alcoholic like hyaline after gastroplasty for morbid obesity. Gastroenterology. 1983;85:722.
43. Moxley RT, Pozefsky T, Lockwood DH. Protein nutrition and liver disease after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. N Engl J Med. 1974;290:921. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197404252901701.
44. Hollenbeck JI, O'Leary JP, Maher JW, Woodward ER. An etiologic basis for fatty liver after jejunoileal bypass. J Surg Res. 1975;18:83. doi: 10.1016/0022-4804(75)90002-5.
45. Lewin MR, Aranjo JG, Sarmiento JL. Bypass induced liver disease: an experimental study of post-operative protein supplementation and metronidazole therapy in an animal model. Br J Exp Pathol. 1987;68:15.
46. Cope K, Risby T, Diehl AM. Increased gastrointestinal ethanol production in obese mice: implications for fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Gastroenterology. 2000;119:1340. doi: 10.1053/gast.2000.19267.
47. Drenick EJ, Fisler J, Johnson D. Hepatic steatosis after intestinal bypass — prevention and reversal by metronidazole, irrespective of protein calorie malnutrition. Gastroenterology. 1982;82:535.
48. Peters RL, Gay T, Reynolds TB. Post-jejunoileal bypass hepatic disease. Am J Clin Pathol. 1975;63:318. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/63.3.318.
49. Snover DC. Biopsy diagnosis of liver disease. Williams & Wilkins; Baltimore: 1992. p. 183.
50. Vyberg M, Ravn V, Anderson B. Pattern of progression of liver injury following jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Liver. 1987;7:271. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0676.1987.tb00355.x.
51. Nasrallah SM, Wills CE, Galambos JT. Liver injury following jejunoileal bypass: are there markers? Ann Surg. 1980;192:726. doi: 10.1097/00000658-198012000-00006.
52. Weismann RE, Johnson RE. Fatal hepatic failure after jejunoileal bypass. Am J Surg. 1977;134:253. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(77)90357-9.
53. Requarth JA, Burchard KW, Colacchio TA. Long-term morbidity following jejunoileal bypass. The continuing potential need for surgical reversal. Arch Surg. 1995;130:318. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430030088018.
54. Brown RG, O'Leary JP, Woodward ER. Hepatic effects of jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. Am J Surg. 1974;127:53. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(74)90011-7.
55. Soyer MT, Ceballos R, Aldrete JS. Reversibility of severe hepatic damage caused by jejunoileal bypass after re-establishment of normal intestinal continuity. Surgery. 1976;79:601.
56. Burke GW, Cirocco R, Hensley G. Liver transplantation for cirrhosis following jejuno-ileal bypass — regional cytokine differences associated with pathological changes in the transplant liver. Transplantation. 1992;54:374.
57. Markowtiz JS, Seu P, Goss JA. Liver transplantation for decompensated cirrhosis after jejunoileal bypass: a strategy for management. Transplantation. 1998;65:570. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199802270-00019.
58. Lowell JA, Shenoy S, Ghalib R. Liver transplantation after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. J Am Coll Surg. 1997;185:123. doi: 10.1016/s1072-7515(97)00017-3.
59. D'Souza-Gburek SM, Batts KP, Nikias GA. Liver transplantation for jejunoileal bypass-associated cirrhosis: allograft histology in the setting of an intact bypassed limb. Liver Trans Surg. 1997;3:23.
60. Abraham S, Begum S, Isenberg D. Hepatic manifestations of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:123. doi: 10.1136/ard.2002.001826.
61. Schur PH. Clinical features of SLE. In: Kelley WN, Harris ED, Ruddy S, Sledge CB, editors. Textbook of rheumatology. WB Saunders; Philadelphia: 1993. p. 1017.
62. Runyon BA, LaBrecque DR, Anuras S. The spectrum of liver disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med. 1980;69:187. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(80)90378-2.
63. Matsumoto T, Yoshimine T, Shimouchi K. The liver in systemic lupus erthematosus: pathologic analysis of 52 cases and review of Japanese autopsy registry data. Hum Pathol. 1992;23:1151. doi: 10.1016/0046-8177(92)90033-y.
64. Tsuji T, Ohno S, Ishigatsubo Y. Liver manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus: high incidence of hemophagocytic syndrome. J Rheum. 2002;29:1576.
65. Maeshima E, Kobayashi T, Mune M, Yukawa S. Systemic lupus erythematosus with haemophagocytosis and severe liver disorder. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61:753. doi: 10.1136/ard.61.8.753.
66. Seaman WE, Ishak KG, Plotz PH. Aspirin induced hepatotoxicity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med. 1974;80:1. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-80-1-1.
67. Farrell GC. Drug-induced liver disease. Churchill Livingstone; London: 1994. pp. 372–376.
68. Schousboe JT, Koch AE, Chang RW. Chronic lupus peritonitis with ascites: review of the literature with a case report. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1988;18:121. doi: 10.1016/0049-0172(88)90004-2.
69. Thompson PE, Houghton BJ, Clifford C. The source and significance of raised serum enzymes in rheumatoid arthritis. Q J Med. 1990;280:869.
70. Rau R, Pfenninger K, Boni A. Proceedings: liver function tests and liver biopsies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1975;34:198. doi: 10.1136/ard.34.2.198-d.
71. Cimmino MA, Buffrini L, Barisone G. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Z Rheumatol. 1990;49:143.
72. Cimmino MA, Accardo S. Changes in the isoenzyme pattern of alkaline phosphatase in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chem. 1990;36:1376.
73. Ruderman EM, Crawford JM, Maier A. Histologic liver abnormalities in an autopsy series of patients rheumatoid arthritis. Br J Rheum. 1997;36:210. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/36.2.210.
74. Wanless IR, Godwin TA, Allen F, Feder A. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in hematologic disorders: a possible response to obliterative portal venopathy. Medicine. 1980;59:367.
75. Favreau M, Tannenbasum H, Lough J. Hepatic toxicity associated with gold therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1977;87:717. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-87-6-717.
76. Hanissian AS, Rothschild BM, Kaplan S. Gold: hepatotoxic and cholestatic reactions. Clin Rheumatol. 1985;4:183. doi: 10.1007/BF02032291.
77. Farrell GC. Drug-induced liver disease. Churchill Livingstone; London: 1994. p. 388.
78. Fleischner GM, Morecki R, Hanaichi T. Light and electron microscopical studies of a case of gold salt-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatology. 1991;14:422.
79. Tsutsumi A, Koike T. Hepatic manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Intern Med. 2000;39:6. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.39.6.
80. Asherson RA, Khamashta MA, Hughes GR. The hepatic complications of the antiphospholipid antibodies. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1991;9:341.
81. Pelletier S, Landi B, Piette C. Antiphospholipid syndrome as the second cause of non-tumorous Budd-Chiari syndrome. J Hepatol. 1994;21:76. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(94)80140-1.
82. Haram K, Trovik J, Sandset PM, Hordnes K. Severe syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) in the 18th week of pregnancy associated with antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome. Acta Obst Gynecol Scand. 2003;82:679. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2003.00181.x.
83. Roberts G, Gordon MM, Porter D. Acute renal failure complicating HELLP syndrome, SLE and antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome: successful outcome using plasma exchange therapy. Lupus. 2003;12:251. doi: 10.1191/0961203303lu378xx.
84. Skopouli FN, Barbatis C, Moutsopoulos HM. Liver involvement in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33:745. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/33.8.745.
85. Haddad J, Deny P, Munz-Gotheil C. Lymphocytic sialadenitis of Sjögren's syndrome associated with chronic hepatitis C virus liver disease. Lancet. 1992;339:321. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91645-O.
86. Ramos-Casals M, Garcia-Carrasco M, Cervera R. Sjögren's syndrome and hepatitis C virus. Clin Rheumatol. 1999;18:93. doi: 10.1007/s100670050064.
87. Poet JL, Tonelli-Serabian Y, Garnier PP. Chronic hepatitis C and Sjögren's syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:1376.
88. Pirisi M, Scott C, Fabris C. Mild sialoadenitis: a common finding in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1994;29:940. doi: 10.3109/00365529409094867.
89. Pawlotsky JM, Roudot-Thoraval F, Simmonds P. Extrahepatic immunologic manifestations in chronic hepatitis C virus serotypes. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:169. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-122-3-199502010-00002.
90. Loustaud-Ratti V, Richi A, Liozan E. Prevalence and characteristics of Sjogren's syndrome or Sicca syndrome in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a prospective study. J Rheumatol. 2001;28:2245.
91. Reynolds TB, Denison EK, Frankl HD. Primary biliary cirrhosis with scleroderma, Raynaud's phenomenon, and telangiectasia. Am J Med. 1970;50:302. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(71)90218-x.
92. Goring HD, Panzer M, Lakotta W. Coincidence of scleroderma and primary biliary cirrhosis: results of a systematic study of a dermatologic patient sample. Hautarzt. 1998;49:361. doi: 10.1007/s001050050756.
93. Powell FC, Schroter AL, Dickinson ER. Primary biliary cirrhosis and the CREST syndrome: a report of 22 cases. Q J Med. 1987;62:75.
94. Reye RDK, Morgan G, Baral J. Encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera: a disease entity in childhood. Lancet. 1963;2:749. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(63)90554-3.
95. Hurwitz ES, Nelson DB, Davis C. National surveillance for Reye's syndrome: a five year review. Pediatrics. 1982;70:895.
96. Belay ED, Bresee JS, Holman RC. Reye's syndrome in the United States from 1981 through 1997. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:1377. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199905063401801.
97. MMWR. 1987;36:689.
98. Hall SM, Lynn R. Reye's syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:845. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199909093411112.
99. Starko KM, Ray CG, Dominguez LB. Reye's syndrome and salicylate use. Pediatrics. 1980;6:859.
100. Walkmann RJ, Hall WN, McGee H, Van Amburg G. Aspirin as a risk factor in Reye's syndrome. JAMA. 1982;247:3089.
101. Hurwitz ES, Barrett MJ, Bregman D. Public health service study of Reye's syndrome and medications: report of a pilot phase. N Engl J Med. 1985;313:849. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198510033131403.
102. Remington PL, Shabino CL, McGee H. Reye syndrome and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Michigan. Am J Dis Child. 1985;139:870. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1985.02140110024021.
103. Ghosh D, Dhadwal D, Aggarwal A. Investigation of an epidemic of Reye's syndrome in northern region of India. Ind Pediatr. 1999;36:1097.
104. Gauthier M, Guay J, LaCroix J, Lortie A. Reye's syndrome: a reappraisal of diagnosis in 49 presumptive cases. Am J Dis Child. 1989;143:1181.
105. Bove KE, McAdams AJ, Partin JC. The hepatic lesion in Reye's syndrome. Gastroenterology. 1975;69:685.
106. Partin JC, Schubert WK, Partin JS. Mitochondrial ultrastructure in Reye's syndrome (encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera) N Engl J Med. 1971;285:1339. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197112092852402.
107. Teem WR. Inherited and acquired syndromes of hyperammonemia and encephalopathy in children. Semin Liver Dis. 1994;14:236. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1007315.
108. Teem WR. Inherited and acquired syndromes of hyperammonemia and encephalopathy in children. Semin Liver Dis. 1994;14:236. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1007315.
109. Woodfin BM, Davis LE. Displacement of hepatic carbamoyl transferase activity from mitochondria to cytosol in Reye's syndrome. Biochem Med Metab Biol. 1991;46:255. doi: 10.1016/0885-4505(91)90073-t.
110. Trauner DA, Horvath E, David LE. Inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation by influenza B virus and salicylic acid in mice: implications for Reye's syndrome. Neurology. 1988;38:239. doi: 10.1212/wnl.38.2.239.
111. Tomoda T, Taked K, Jurashige T. Experimental study on Reye's syndrome: inhibitory effect of interferon alfa on acetylsalicylate-induced injury to rat liver mitochondria. Metabolism. 1992;41:887. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(92)90172-7.
112. Meythaler JM, Varma RR. Reye's syndrome in adults. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147:61.
113. Peters J, Wiener GJ, Gilliam J. Reye's syndrome in adults: a case report and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med. 1986;146:2401. doi: 10.1001/archinte.146.12.2401.
114. Kirkpatrick DB, Ottoson C, Bateman LL. Reye's syndrome in an adult patient. West J Med. 1986;144:223.
115. Chang PF, Huang SF, Hwu WL. Metabolic disorders mimicking Reye's syndrome. J Formosan Med Assoc. 2000;99:295.
116. Green A, Hall SM. Investigations of metabolic disorders resembling Reye's syndrome. Arch Dis Child. 1995;145:964. doi: 10.1136/adc.67.10.1313.
117. Clayton PT, Doig M, Ghafari S. Screening for medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Arch Dis Child. 1998;79:109. doi: 10.1136/adc.79.2.109.
118. Partin JS, Daugherty CC, McAdams AJ. A comparison of liver ultrastructure in salicylate intoxication and Reye's syndrome. Hepatology. 1984;4:687. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840040421.
119. Stauffer MH. Nephrogenic hepatosplenomegaly (abstract) Gastroenterology. 1961;40:694.
120. Utz DC, Warren MM, Gregg JA, Ludwig J. Reversible hepatic dysfunction associated with hypernephroma. Mayo Clin Proc. 1970;45:161.
121. Ramos CV, Taylor HB. Hepatic dysfunction associated with renal cell carcinoma. Cancer. 1972;29:1287. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197205)29:5<1287::aid-cncr2820290524>3.0.co;2-g.
122. Walsh PN, Kissane JM. Nonmetastatic hypernephroma with reversible hepatic dysfunction. Arch Intern Med. 1968;122:214.
123. Chuang YC, Lin ATL, Chen KK. Paraneoplastic elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase in renal cell carcinoma: incidence and implication on prognosis. J Urol. 1997;158:1684. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(01)64095-3.
124. Weber J, Gunn H, Yang J. A phase I trial of intravenous interleukin-6 in patients with advanced cancer. J Immunother Emph Tumor Immunol. 1994;15:292. doi: 10.1097/00002371-199405000-00008.
125. Nieken J, Mulder NH, Buter J. Recombinant human interleukin-6 induces a rapid and reversible anemia in cancer patients. Blood. 1995;86:900.
126. Walther MM, Johnson B, Culley D. Serum interluekin-6 levels in metastatic renal cell carcinoma before treatment with interleukin-6 correlates with paraneoplastic syndromes but not patient survival. J Urol. 1998;159:718.
127. Tsukamoto T, Kumamoto Y, Miyao N. Interleukin-6 in renal carcinoma. J Urol. 1992;148:1778. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37026-x.
128. Blay JY, Rossi JF, Wijdenes J. Role of interleukin-6 in the paraneoplastic inflammatory syndrome associated with renal-cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 1997;72:424. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970729)72:3<424::aid-ijc9>3.0.co;2-r.
129. Strickland RC, Schenker S. The nephrogenic hepatic dysfunction syndrome: a review. Dig Dis. 1977;22:49. doi: 10.1007/BF01077398.
130. Jacobi GH, Philipp T. Stauffer's syndrome: diagnostic help in hypernephroma. Clin Nephrol. 1975;4:113.
131. Gertz MA, Lacy MQ, Dispenzieri A. Amyloidosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1999;13:1211. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8588(05)70122-2.
132. Gillmore JD, Lovat LB, Hawkins PN. Amyloidosis and the liver. J Hepatol. 1999;30:117.
133. Rienhoff HY, Jr, Huang JH, Li XX, Liao WS. Molecular and cellular biology of serum amyloid A. Mol Biol Med. 1990;7:282.
134. Pepys MB, Baltz ML. Acute phase proteins with special reference to C-reactive protein and related proteins (pentaxins) and serum amyloid A protein. Adv Immunol. 1983;34:141. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60379-x.
135. Urieli-Shoval S, Linke RP, Matzner Y. Expression and function of serum amyloid A, a major acute-phase protein, in normal and disease states. Curr Opin Hematol. 2000:764–769. doi: 10.1097/00062752-200001000-00012.
136. Aksentijevich I, Torosyan Y, Samules J. Mutation and haplotype studies of familial Mediterranean fever reveal new ancestral relationships and evidence for a high carrier frequency with reduced penetrance in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Am J Hum Genet. 1999;64:939. doi: 10.1086/302327.
137. Mulley JC. The genetic basis for periodic fever. Am J Hum Genet. 1999;64:939. doi: 10.1086/302347.
138. Murakami T, Uchino M, Ando M. Genetic abnormalities and pathogenesis of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Pathol Int. 1995;45:1. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1995.tb03373.x.
139. Drueke TB. Beta2-microglobulin and amyloidosis. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2000;15:17. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027958.
140. Gertz MA, Kyle RA. Hepatic amyloidosis: clinical appraisal in 77 patients. Hepatology. 1997;25:118. doi: 10.1002/hep.510250122.
141. Gillmore JD, Lovat LB, Hawkins PN. Amyloidosis and the liver. J Hepatol. 1999;30:117.
142. Faa G, Van Eyken P, De Vos R. Light chain deposition disease of the liver associated with AL-type amyloidosis and severe cholestasis. J Hepatol. 1991;12:75. doi: 10.1016/0168-8278(91)90913-v.
143. Girelli CM, Lodi G, Rocca F. Kappa light chain deposition disease of the liver. Eur J Gastro Hepatol. 1998;10:429. doi: 10.1097/00042737-199805000-00013.
144. Hoffman MS, Stein BE, Davidian MM. Hepatic amyloidosis presenting as severe intrahepatic cholestasis: a case report and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol. 1988;83:783.
145. Iwai M, Ishii Y, Mori T. Cholestatic jaundice in two patients with primary amyloidosis: ultrastructural findings of the liver. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1999;28:162. doi: 10.1097/00004836-199903000-00017.
146. Mohr A, Miehlke S, Klauck S. Hepatomegaly and cholestasis as primary clinical manifestations of an AL-kappa amyloidosis. Eur J Gastro Hepatol. 1999;11:921. doi: 10.1097/00042737-199908000-00020.
147. Peters RA, Koukoulis G, Gimson A. Primary amyloidosis and severe intrahepatic cholestatic jaundice. Gut. 1994;35:1322. doi: 10.1136/gut.35.9.1322.
148. Qureshi WA. Intrahepatic cholestatic syndromes: pathogenesis, clinical features and management. Dig Dis. 1999;17:49. doi: 10.1159/000016903.
149. Bujanda L, Beguiristain A, Alberdi F. Spontaneous rupture of the liver in amyloidosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1997;92:1385.
150. Bion E, Brenard R, Pariente EA. Sinusoidal portal hypertension in hepatic amyloidosis. Gut. 1991;32:227. doi: 10.1136/gut.32.2.227.
151. Elghetany MT, Saleem A. Methods for staining amyloid in tissues: a review. Stain Technol. 1988;63:201. doi: 10.3109/10520298809107185.
152. Gertz MA, Kyle RA. Amyloidosis: prognosis and treatment. Semin Arthr Rheum. 1994;24:124. doi: 10.1016/s0049-0172(05)80006-x.
153. Tan SY, Pepys MB, Hawkins PN. Treatment of amyloidosis. Am J Kidney Dis. 1995;26:267. doi: 10.1016/0272-6386(95)90647-9.
154. Comenzo RL, Vosburgh E, Falk RH. Dose-intensive melphalan with blood stem-cell support for the treatment of AL (amyloid light-chain) amyloidosis: survival and responses in 25 patients. Blood. 1998;91:3662.
155. Dhodapkar MV, Jagannath S, Vesole D. Treatment of AL-amyloidosis with dexamethasone plus alpha interferon. Leuk Lymph. 1997;27:351. doi: 10.3109/10428199709059690.
156. Nowak G, Westermark P, Wernerson A. Liver transplantation as rescue treatment in a patient with primary AL kappa amyloidosis. Transpl Int. 2000;13:92. doi: 10.1007/s001470050668.
157. Comenzo RL. Hematopoietic cell transplantation for primary systemic amyloidosis: what have we learned? Leuk Lymph. 2000;37:245. doi: 10.3109/10428190009089426.
158. Patriarca F, Geromin A, Fanin R. Improvement of amyloid-related symptoms after autologous stem cell transplantation in a patient with hepatomegaly, macroglossia and purpura. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1999;24:433. doi: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701925.
159. Ericzon BG, Holmgren G, Lundgren E. New structural information and update on liver transplantation in transthyretin-associated amyloidosis Report from the 4th International Symposium on Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy and Other Transthyretin Related Disorders and the 3rd International Workshop on Liver Transplantation in Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy, Umea Sweden, June 1999. Amyloid. 2000;7:145. doi: 10.3109/13506120009146254.
160. Fournier B, Giostra E, Mentha G. Three cases of liver transplantation for type I familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Transplant Proc. 1997;29:2416. doi: 10.1016/s0041-1345(97)00428-4.
161. Garcia-Herola A, Prieto M, Pascual S. Progression of cardiomyopathy and neuropathy after liver transplantation in a patient with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy caused by tyrosine-77 transthyretin variant. Liver Transpl Surg. 1999;5:246. doi: 10.1002/lt.500050309.
162. Hemming AW, Cattral MS, Chari RS. Domino liver transplantation for familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Liver Transpl Surg. 1998;4:236. doi: 10.1002/lt.500040303.
163. Monteiro E, Perdigoto R, Furtado AL. Liver transplantation for familial amyloid polyneuropathy. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 1998;45:1375.
164. Shaz BH, Gordon F, Lewis WD. Orthotopic liver transplantation for familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: a pathological study. Human Pathol. 2000;31:40. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(00)80196-3.
165. Suhr OB, Herlenius G, Friman S. Liver transplantation for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis. Liver Transplant. 2000;6:263. doi: 10.1053/lv.2000.6145.
166. Tashima K, Ando Y, Terazaki H. Outcome of liver transplantation for transthyretin amyloidosis: follow-up of Japanese familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy patients. J Neuro Sci. 1999;17:119. doi: 10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00231-2.
167. Johnson CS, Omata M, Tong MJ. Liver involvement in sickle cell disease. Medicine. 1985;64:349. doi: 10.1097/00005792-198509000-00007.
168. Schubert T. Hepatobiliary system in sickle cell disease. Gastroenterology. 1986;90:2013. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(86)90276-3.
169. Diggs LW. Sickle cell crisis. Am J Clin Pathol. 1965;44:1.
170. Sheehy TW. Sickle cell hepatopathy. South Med J. 1977;70:533. doi: 10.1097/00007611-197705000-00008.
171. Rosenblate HJ. Eisenstein R, Holmes AW The liver in sickle-cell anemia. Arch Pathol. 1970;90:235.
172. Sheehy TW. Sickle cell hepatopathy. South Med J. 1977;70:533. doi: 10.1097/00007611-197705000-00008.
173. Buchanan GR, Blader BE. Benign course of extreme hyperbilirubinemia in sickle cell disease: analysis of six cases. J Pediatr. 1977;91:21. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(77)80436-8.
174. Zakaria N, Knisely A, Portmann B. Acute sickle cell hepatopathy represents a potential contraindication for percutaneous liver biopsy. Blood. 2003;101:101. doi: 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1823.
175. Ballas SK, Lewis CN, Noone AM. Clinical, hematological, and biochemical features of HbSC disease. Am J Hematol. 1982;13:37. doi: 10.1002/ajh.2830130106.
176. Phillips JC, Gerald BE. The incidence of cholethiasis in sickle cell disease. AJR. 1971;113:27. doi: 10.2214/ajr.113.1.27.
177. Sarnaik S, Slovis TL, Corbett DP. Incidence of cholelithiasis in sickle-cell anemia using the ultrasonic gray-scale technique. J Pediatr. 1980;96:1005. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80626-3.
178. Flye MW, Silver D. Biliary tract disorders and sickle cell disease. Surgery. 1972;72:361.
179. Comer GM, Ozick LA, Sachdev RK. Transfusion related chronic liver disease in sickle-cell anemia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1991;86:1232.
180. Omata M, Johnson CS, Tong M, Tatter D. Pathological spectrum of liver disease in sickle cell disease. Dig Dis Sci. 1986;31:247. doi: 10.1007/BF01318115.
181. De Vault KR, Friedman LS, Westerberg S. Hepatitis C in sickle-cell anemia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994;18:206. doi: 10.1097/00004836-199404000-00006.
182. Hasan MF, March F, Posner G. Chronic hepatitis C in patients with sickle cell disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996;91:1204.
183. Hassan M, Hasan S, Giday S. Hepatitis C virus in sickle cell disease. J Nat Med Assoc. 2003;95:939.
184. Yeomans E, Lowe TW, Eigenbrodt EH, Cunningham FG. Liver histopathologic findings in women given prophylactic transfusion during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990;163:958. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)91104-k.
185. Mills LR, Mwakyusa D, Milner PF. Histopathologic features of liver biopsy specimens in sickle cell disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1988;112:290.
186. Bauer TW, Moore GW, Hutchins GM. The liver in sickle cell disease: a clinicopathologic study of 70 patients. Am J Med. 1980;69:833. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9343(80)80008-8.
187. Birrer MJ, Young RC. Differential diagnosis of jaundice in lymphoma patients. Semin Liver Dis. 1987;7:269. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1040582.
188. Jaffe ES. Malignant lymphomas: pathology of hepatic involvement. Semin Liver Dis. 1987;7:257. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1040581.
189. Kadin ME, Donaldson SS, Dorfman RF. Isolated granulomas in Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med. 1970;283:859. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197010152831609.
190. Aisenberg AC, Kaplan MM, Rieder SV, Goldman JM. Serum alkaline phosphatase at the onset of Hodgkin's disease. Cancer. 1970;26:318. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197008)26:2<318::aid-cncr2820260212>3.0.co;2-9.
191. Bouroncle BA, Old JW, Vazques AG. Pathogenesis of jaundice in Hodgkin's disease. Arch Intern Med. 1962;110:872. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1962.03620240054009.
192. Levitan R, Diamond HD, Craver LF. Jaundice in Hodgkin's disease. Am J Med. 1961;30:99. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(61)90067-5.
193. Perera DR, Greene ML, Fenster F. Cholestasis associated with extrabiliary Hodgkin's disease. Gastroenterology. 1974;67:680.
194. Hubscher SG, Lumley MA, Elias E. Vanishing bile duct syndrome: a possible mechanism for intrahepatic cholestasis in Hodgkin's lymphoma. Hepatology. 1993;17:70.
195. Crosbie OM, Crown JP, Nolan NP. Resolution of paraneoplastic bile duct paucity following successful treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Hepatology. 1997;26:5. doi: 10.1002/hep.510260101.
196. Man KM, Drejet A, Keeffe EB. Primary sclerosing cholangitis and Hodgkin's disease. Hepatology. 1993;18:1127.
197. Woolf GM, Petrovic LM, Rojter SE. Acute liver failure due to lymphoma: a diagnostic concern when considering liver transplantation. Dig Dis Sci. 1994;39:1351. doi: 10.1007/BF02093804.
198. Rowbotham D, Wendon J, Williams R. Acute liver failure secondary to hepatic infiltration: a single center experience of 18 cases. Gut. 1998;42:576. doi: 10.1136/gut.42.4.576.
199. Dourakis SP, Tzemanakis E, Deutsch M. Fulminant hepatic failure as a presenting paraneoplastic manifestation of Hodgkin's disease. Eur J Gastro Hepatol. 1999;11:1055. doi: 10.1097/00042737-199909000-00019.
200. Memeo L, Pecorello I, Ciardi A. Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver. Acta Oncol. 1999;38:655. doi: 10.1080/028418699431276.
201. Lei KI. Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the liver. Leuk Lymph. 1998;29:293. doi: 10.3109/10428199809068566.
202. Verdi CJ, Grogan TM, Protell R. Liver biopsy immunotyping to characterize lymphoid malignancies. Hepatology. 1986;6:6. doi: 10.1002/hep.1840060103.
203. Ryoo JW, Manaligod JR, Walker MJ. Primary lymphoma of the liver. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1986;8:308. doi: 10.1097/00004836-198606000-00023.
204. Osborne BM, Butler JJ, Guarda LA. Primary lymphoma of the liver. Cancer. 1985;56:2902. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19851215)56:12<2902::aid-cncr2820561230>3.0.co;2-w.
205. Pinto PC, Hu E, Bernstein-Singer M. Acute hepatic injury after withdrawal of immunosuppressive chemotherapy in patients with hepatitis B. Cancer. 1990;65:878. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19900215)65:4<878::aid-cncr2820650409>3.0.co;2-k.
206. Markovic S, Drozina G, Vovk M. Reactivation of hepatitis B but not hepatitis C in patients with malignant lymphoma and immunosuppressive therapy. A prospective study of 305 patients. Hepato-Gastroenterol. 1999;46:2925.
207. Al-Taie OH, Mork H, Gassel AM. Prevention of hepatitis B flare-up during chemotherapy using lamivudine: case report and review of the literature. Ann Hematol. 1999;78:247. doi: 10.1007/s002770050510.
208. Ferri C, Caracciolo F, Zignego AL. Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Hematol. 1994;88:392. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1994.tb05036.x.
209. Ferri C, La Civita L, Monti M. Chronic hepatitis C and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Q J Med. 1996;89:117. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/89.2.117.
210. Collier JD, Zanke B, Moore M. No association between hepatitis C and B-cell lymphoma. Hepatology. 1999;29:1259. doi: 10.1002/hep.510290422.
211. Pioltelli P, Gargantini L, Cssi E. Hepatitis C virus in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A reappraisal after a prospective case-control study of 300 patients. Am J Hematol. 2000;64:95. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8652(200006)64:2<95::aid-ajh4>3.0.co;2-a.
212. Ghobrial IM, Wolf RC, Pereira DL. Therapeutic options in patients with lymphoma and severe liver dysfunction. Mayo Clinic Proc. 2004;79:169. doi: 10.4065/79.2.169.
213. Karp SJ, Shareef D. Ascites as a presenting feature multiple myeloma. J R Soc Med. 1897;80:182. doi: 10.1177/014107688708000318.
214. Kitazono M, Saito Y, Kinoshita M. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver in a patient with multiple myeloma and systemic amyloidosis. Acta Pathol Jpn. 1985;35:961. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1985.tb00638.x.
215. Dimopoulos MA, Galani E, Matsouka C. Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1999;13:1351. doi: 10.1016/s0889-8588(05)70130-1.
216. Pauls JD, Brems J, Pockros PJ. Mastocytosis: diverse presentations and outcomes. Arch Intern Med. 1999;15:9401. doi: 10.1001/archinte.159.4.401.
217. Horny H-P, Ruck P, Krober S. Systemic mast cell disease (mastocytosis). General aspects and histopathological diagnosis. Histo Histopathol. 1997;12:1081.
218. Ghandur-Mnaymneh L, Gould E. Systemic mastocytosis with portal hypertension; autopsy findings and ultrastructural study of the liver. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1985;10:976.
219. Kyriakou D, Kouroumalis E, Konsolas J. Systemic mastocytosis: a rare cause of noncirrhotic portal hypertension simulating autoimmune cholangitis — report of four cases. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93:106. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.106_c.x.
220. Humar A, McGilvray I, Phillips MJ. Severe acute respiratory syndrome and the liver. Hepatology. 2004;39:291. doi: 10.1002/hep.20069.
221. Wu KL, Lu SN, Changchien CS. Sequential changes of serum aminotransferase levels in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71:125.
222. Cui HJ, Tong XL, Li P. Serum hepatic enzyme manifestations in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome: retrospective analysis. W J Gastroenterol. 2004;10:1652. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i11.1652.
223. Wong WM, Ho JC, Ooi GC. Temporal patterns of hepatic dysfunction and disease severity in patients with SARS. JAMA. 2003;290:2663. doi: 10.1001/jama.290.20.2663.
224. Chau TN, Lee KC, Yao H. SARS-associated viral hepatitis caused by a novel coronavirus: report of three cases. Hepatology. 2004;39:302. doi: 10.1002/hep.20111.