DNA fingerprinting in reptiles: Bkm hybridization patterns in Crocodilia and Chelonia.

The simple tetranucleotide repeat GATA (GACA) occurs in all eukaryotes so far studied. In many species, the arrangement of these sequences varies considerably among individuals. Thus GATA (GACA) type probes produce DNA fingerprints when hybridized with restricted DNA from different individuals within a species. Banded krait minor (Bkm) satellite DNA (related to sequences originally recovered from the W chromosome of the banded krait and consisting essentially of a series of GATA repeats) is found in a wide spectrum of vertebrates and invertebrates. We used the Bkm 2(8) clone to evaluate the occurrence of this satellite in DNA from five species of Crocodilia and six species of Chelonia, including the sea turtles Chelonia mydas and Lepidochelys kempi. Well-resolved DNA fingerprints were obtained. Among the crocodilians, fewer restriction fragments were generated and fewer of the fragments were polymorphic, than among the chelonians, consistent with the view that the crocodilians are less divergent within species. The Bkm 2(8) clone can accordingly be used to advantage in individual, familial, and population studies, and perhaps in the evaluation of taxonomic relationships in these animals. This is of potential value in endangered species such as C. mydas and L. kempi.